表面熔化-3

31998-09-14,1998-10-281),31)(100080),.Ar.Ge(111).,,SURFACEMELTINGWangFengpingLiChenxiLuKunquan(InstituteofPhysics,TheChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100080)AbstractThetheoryandexperimentsonsurfacemeltingofsolidswhichhasattractedconsider2ableinterestarereviewed.Thecharacteristicsofsurfacemeltingofsometypicalmetals,iceandArfilmadsorbedongraphitearediscussed.ThespecificbehaviorofsurfacemeltingofGe(111)isalsodescribed.Keywordssurfacemelting,structuralphasetransition,quasi-liquidlayer1,.(Tm),,..,.,,...,,.1910,Lindemann.Lindemann,10%.,.(surfacemelting):Tm,-.,(quasi-liquidlayer)..,.2,.,,,56228(1999)5,,.1985Pb(110)[1].(RBS)..,Ar(Cu,Al,Au,Ag)(110)(112)(113)Ge(111).21111976,[2],..,,.1,.,(111),(110).2Pb(110)(111)[3],Pb600170K.580K,(110),(111),(110),(111).Pb(110)RBS[1]:500K,Pb(110);,,;560K,,|ln(Tm-T)|..,,3[4],,,(013KTm-T40K)(3),(Tm-T013K)2Pb(110)(111)6623Pb(110)(3).XHe:Pb,.,,560K,.,XAl(110)[5],.,.,,,.,,,,TTm,.212:.Ar,Ar.[6][7],Ar.().,XMgOAr,,,,.MgO{100}(CH4),(9017K),.213,.1859,[8]:,.,,...[9]:,,,;253K,10nm,.:|ln(Tm-T)|.,.[10].76228(1999)5,Ihice.,,.,.30,Fletcher[11]:H2O,,.,,.,,.Flecher,.,Dosch[10]X,,Ihice,,.260K,,.,Makkonen[12],.,,.Makkonen,..,Makkonen277K.214Ge(111),,.,Ge.(1211K)150K,Ge(111),,.1987McRae[13](LEED)Ge(111),Ge(111).,,,.Ge.,Ge(111),,,,(21).,340500Kc(28).570K,,c(28)\(11).Ge(111),,.,.LEED,Tc1058K,Ge(111)4Ge(111)LEEDI01(69eV,62,_s,,),.,Ar,,4,(1058K),,,,.862..Ge,.[14].X[15],1150K,.Ge(111)1050K,..X,Tc,,.Ge.?,.,[16]He[17]Ge(111)3dXGe3d.,Ge(111),.3,,[18].,:,.,.,=sq+qv+LNl-TTm,(1)sqqv//.L,l,N,N=nl,n.Neq(T)=N0lnTm(Tm-T)LN0,(2)sv-sl-lvT.0,svsl+lv(3).,.TTm,..,.,Neq(T)|Tm-T|-1/(p+1).,0,,0,..,,.,.(),sv:{110}sv{100}sv{111}sv.,,,.,..,.Monte-Carlo(abinitiocalculation),.LipowskySpeth[19]T,:,-.TTm,96228(1999)5.,|ln(Tm-T)|.,T(1-T/Tm)1.1/.,,.Lennard-Jones(LJ),Neq(Tm-T)-1/3.,,{110}{100}.Ge(111).1994,Takeuchi[20]Ge(111)...:,..TakeuchiGe(111),:Ge(111)..[1]FrenkenJWM,vanderVeenJF.Phys.Rev.Lett.,1985,54:134137[2]StockKD,MenzelE.Surf.Sci.,1976,61:272274[3]LagallyM.KineticsofOrderingandGrowthatSurfaces.NewYork:AcademicPress,1990.343354[4]PluisB,TaylorTN,FrenkelDetal.Phys.Rev.B,1989,40:13531356[5]PolcikM,WildeL,HanseJ.Phys.Rev.Lett.,1997,78:491494[6]ZhuDM,DashJG.Phys.Rev.Lett.,1986,57:29592962[7]LareseJZ,ZhangQM.Phys.Rev.Lett.,1990,64:922925[8]FaradayM.Philos.Mag.,1859,17:162195[9]BeagleholeD,NasonD.Surf.Sci.,1980,96:357363[10]LiedA,DoschH,BilgramJH.Phys.Rev.Lett.,1994,72:35543557[11]FletcherNH.Philos.Mag.,1968,18:12871300[12]MakkonenL.J.Phys.Chem.B,1997,101:61966200[13]McRaeEG,MalicRA.Phys.Rev.Lett.,1987,58:14371440[14]AbrahamM,LayGLe,HilaJ.Phys.Rev.B,1990,41:98289835[15]MakA,Evans2LutterodtKW,BlumKetal.Phys.Rev.Lett.,1991,66:20022005[16]ModestiS,DhanakVR,SancrottiMetal.Phys.Rev.Lett.,1994,73:19511954[17]MeliCA,GreeneEF.Phys.Rev.Lett.,1995,74:20542057[18]VanselowR,HoweRF.ChemistryandPhysicsofSolidSurfaces,Springer-Verlag.BerlinHeidelbergNewYorkLondonParisTokyo:AcademicPress,1988.455489[19]LipowskyR,SpethW.Phys.Rev.B,1983,28:39833993[20]TakeuchiN,SelloniA,TosattiE.Phys.Rev.Lett.,1994,72:2227223031998-07-23,1998-12-11Ds3(100039)Ds,,.Ds,072