人教版英语八年级下unit3讲解与练习

培生学堂八年级下Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?SectionA1.Few,afew,little,alittleFew几乎没有+可数名词复数Therearefewpeopleintheroom.Little几乎没有+不可数名词Therewaslittlerainallwinter.Afew少数，几个+可数名词复数Helefthishouseafewminutesago.Alittle一点，少许+不可数名词Couldyougivemealittlemilk?【例】Thegirlinpurpleisnewhere,so______peopleknowher.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle2.solvevt.解答，解决Fewstudentscansolvethephysicsproblem.problem指客观存在的等待解决的“问题”，着重困难；e.g.:Thestudentsareworkingonamathproblem.question指对某事怀疑因而提出等待回答的“问题”，着重疑惑和不能断定e.g.:Thestudentsareaskingtheteachersomequestions.3.Foroneweek,shedidn’tdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.“neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“也不”。e.g.:Hedoesn’tlikeswimmingandneitherdoI.知识扩展：neither作代词，意为“（两者）都不”e.g.:Neitherofmyparentsisathome.neither作形容词，与名词单数连用，意为“（两者）都不的”e.g.:Neitheranswerisright.neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……”e.g.:Theroomisneitherbignorbright.典型例题：Ican’tplaythepiano,and______.A.neithercanmysisterB.mysistercan’t,too.C.socan’tmysisterD.canmysister,either4.Finally,Icouldnotfindacleandishoracleanshirt.or连词意为“也不”，表示并列关系，常用于否定句，连接并列的词或短语。e.g.:Hecan’treadorwrite.表示选择关系，用于陈述句，意为“或，或者”；用于疑问句中，意为“还是”e.g.:Answeryesorno.Isyourbagredorblack?表示转折关系，意为“否则，要不然”e.g.:Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.培生学堂八年级下5.MymomcameoverassoonasIsatdowninfrontoftheTV.assoonas“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句e.g.:Heleftassoonashheardthenews.【辨析】infrontof与inthefrontof区别infrontof“在……的前面”，是指在一定范围外e.g.:Maryisinfrontofthecar.inthefrontof“在……的前部”，是指在一定范围内e.g.:Cathyisinthefrontofthecar.7.passvt.传递passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.递给某人某物e.g.:Pleasepassmeatowel.=8.lend,borrow和keep的区别lendvt.(过去式、过去分词lent)借给，借出常用短语：lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.借给某人某物延续性e.g.:JacklenthisbooktoMarylastweek.borrowvt.借，借用常用短语：borrowsb.sth.=borrowsth.fromsb.向某人借某物非延续性e.g.:Samborrowedacarfromhisfriend.keepvt.延续性动词；保持，保存延续性e.g.:Marymaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.典型例题：--CanI______yourbike?--Withpleasure.Butyoumustn’t_______ittoothers.A.lend;borrowB.borrow;lendC.lend;lendD.borrow;borrowSectionB9.wasten.不可数浪费，废物，垃圾e.g.:Ihatewaste.固定结构：awasteoftime浪费时间adj.无用的，浪费的，荒废的e.g.:Weshouldn’tthrowwastepaperabout.vt.浪费e.g.:Peopleshouldn’twastefood.10.四种“花费”(1)spendvt.指花费时间、金钱或精力；主语为人。结构：sb.spendtime/moneyonsth.=sb.spendtime/money(in)doingsth.e.g.:Shespent50dollarsontheskirt.(2)payv.指支付、花费金钱；主语为人。结构：sb.pay(sb.)money(forsth.)e.g.:Shepaid50,000dollarsforthecar.(3)costv.指花费金钱、精力等；主语为物。培生学堂八年级下结构：sth.costs(sb.)money.e.g.:Thehousecostthemalotofmoney.(4)takev.指花费时间。结构：Ittakessb.timetodosth.it为形式主语e.g.:Ittookhimthreeweekstofinishthework.11.providevt.提供，供给结构：providesth.forsb.=providesb.withsth.为某人提供某物e.g.:Hehastoprovidefoodandclothesforhisfamily.习语：Italldepends.Thatdepends.视情况而定。12.since连词自……以后；自……以来，引导时间状语从句e.g.:Itistwoyearssincewevisitedyourmother.由为，既然，引导原因状语从句e.g.:Sincewedon’thavemoney,wecan’tbuyahouse.13.Asaresult,heoftenfellillandhisgradesdropped.asaresult习惯用语，意为“结果，因此”e.g.:Asaresult,wehadtochangeourplan.asaresultof由于……,作为……的结果e.g.:Hewaslateasaresultofsnow.此处fall(fell,fallen)为联系动词“进入某种状态；变成”Finallyshefellsilent.【辨析】fallill与beillFallill“生病”一时动作非延续Hefellilllastweek.Beill“生病”状态延续Hehasbeenillforaweek.Conclusionoftheunit1.dothedishes洗餐具2.takeouttherubbish倒垃圾3.goout出去4.helpout帮助做完某事5.atleast至少6.insurprise惊讶地7.throwdown扔下8.allthetime频繁，反复9.spend…on…在……花费（时间或金钱）10.assoonas一……就……11.inorderto为了12.providesth.forsb.=providesb.withsth.为某人提供某物13.dependon依赖，信赖14.lookafter=takecareof照顾，照看15.getinto进入16.asaresult结果，因此培生学堂八年级下17finishdoingsth.做完某事18.minddoingsth.介意做某事19.learnhowtodosth.学会怎样做某事20.the+比较级，the+比较级越……就越……【Grammar】--情态动词could的用法情态动词could用于有礼貌地提出要求或请求准许，用于疑问句，代替can，在时间上与can没有区别，但语气要比can委婉、有礼貌。回答时要用can，不能用could。除此之外，肯定回答还可以用Sure./Certainly./Yes,sure./Noproblem./Withpleasure.等；否定回答还可以用I'mafraidnot.等Couldyoupleaselendmeyourdictionary?Yes,sure.Could的其他用法：(1)could为can的过去式，表示能力。e.g.:Hesaidthathecouldn’tcome.(2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句，此时could与can无时间上区别，但语气比can缓和，情绪要弱。e.g.:Hecouldn’t/can’tbeoverfifty.(3)表示可能性，指对将来、现在或过去某种可能的推测。e.g.:Mywifeisinhospital—ourbabycouldarriveatanytime.(4)用于虚拟语气e.g.:HowIwishIcouldgowithyou!单元练习一．单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。()1.—Couldyoupleaseyourroom,Tom?—.A.cleaning,NoproblemB.clean,CertainlyC.toclean,OfcourseD.clean,NoIcouldn’t()2.—Doyouliketo_______yourbed?—No，Ihateto_______chores．A．do；doB．do；makeC．make；doD．make；make()3._______youtellmehowI_______gettotheNo．168MiddleSchool?A．Do；canB．Can；couldC．Could；canD．Could；could()4.MissWhite,I’mgoingout,couldyou_______mychildforawhile?A.lookforB.lookoverC.lookatD.lookafter()5.__________youlikeacupoftea?A.WouldB.DoC.AreD.Could()6.Itisayearofox.Myparentsgave_____anicetoyoxonNewYear’sDay.A.IB.meC.mineD.my()7.—Meimeiis_____thedifficultmathproblem.—I’msureshe’ll_____.培生学堂八年级下A.workingon;workitonB.workingout;workitoutC.workingout;workitonD.workingon;workitout()8.Couldyou_____thewindow?Ifeelalittlecold.A.pleasenotopenB.pleasenottoopenC.notpleasetocloseD.pleasenottoclose()9.Manykidslike________verymuch,buttheyarenotgoodfortheirhealth.A.singersB.choresC.snacksD.watchingTV()10.—CouldIuseyourcomputer,Dad?—Sorry,you_______.I’mgoingtoworkonit.A.wouldn’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.don’thaveto()11.─