12轿车座椅结构设计_本科毕业设计说明书

本科生毕业设计（论文）I摘要汽车座椅系统是汽车车身的重要组成部件，其结构设计对汽车驾乘人员的舒适感和安全感都有着直接的影响。其中，汽车座椅系统的舒适性主要受到座椅整体的外观尺寸及主要组成部分结构形式的影响。另外，汽车座椅能够实现的可调节形式和调节行程也会很大程度上影响到汽车驾乘者的操作便利性和乘坐舒适性。这就要求汽车座椅的设计者要在设计产品的时候能够充分将人的因素、产品使用的环境因素等科学地运用在一起。同时，汽车座椅系统也是保障车辆整体安全性能的一部分，汽车座椅骨架的结构形式和座椅骨架材料应用的合理性及其质量都将会直接影响到骑车驾乘人员的安全。由于轿车座椅的特殊性，因此对其舒适性和安全性的要求也都较高。本毕业设计分析了人与座椅的人机关系，并且结合我国国民对汽车座椅的使用要求，以人机工程学、汽车设计等学科的理论为依据，以国家和国际标准为准则，对驾驶座椅进行了综合设计与静力分析。关键词：座椅系统；结构设计；人机工程学；静力分析本科生毕业设计（论文）IIAbstractThevehicleseatsystemisanessentialpartofthevehiclebody,thestructuraldesignofitdirectlyaffectsthecomfortandsecurityofthepeopleinvehicle.Thevehicleseatsystem’scomfortismainlyaffectedbytheentiresizeofitandthestructuralstyleofitsmainparts.Besides,thestructuralstyleandtherangeoftheadjustabledevicesalsohaveeffectontheconvenienceandcomfortofthepeopleinvehicle.Thisrequiresthedesignertocombinehumanfactorsandtheproduct’sworkingenvironment,andusethemscientificallyandadequately.Meanwhile,thevehicleseatsystemisalsoapartofvehiclesecurityelements,therationalityandqualityofitsstructureandmaterialdirectlyaffectthesecurityofthepeopleinvehicle.Becauseoftheparticularityofcar,itismoreimportantforitsseattobecomfortableandsafe.Thisdesignanalyzedtheergonomicsrelationshipbetweenhumanandvehicleseat,combinedthecountry’sdemandonvehicleseat,andmadeageneralresearchonvehicleseatbasedonergonomicsinvehicleengineering,vehicledesign.etc,andthenational&internationalstandard.Keywords：seatsystem;structuraldesign;ergonomics;staticanalysis本科生毕业设计（论文）III目录第1章绪论..........................................................................................................1 1.1本毕业设计的研究意义和内容...............................................................1 1.2轿车座椅的功能和设计要求...................................................................2 1.2.1轿车座椅的作用............................................................................2 1.2.2轿车座椅的设计要求....................................................................2 1.3轿车座椅的结构.......................................................................................2 1.4CATIA软件.................................................................................................3 1.4.1CATIA软件的介绍..........................................................................3 1.4.2CATIA软件在本毕业设计的应用..................................................3 第2章轿车座椅的设计基础................................................................................4 2.1人机工程学在轿车座椅设计中的应用...................................................4 2.1.1坐姿与座椅....................................................................................4 2.1.2舒适坐姿的生理特征....................................................................4 2.1.3体压分布与坐姿疲劳....................................................................6 2.2座椅主要部件的功能及结构要求...........................................................7 第3章轿车座椅外形尺寸参数的确定..............................................................10 3.1人体尺寸的研究.....................................................................................10 3.1.1人体静态尺寸..............................................................................10 3.1.2人体H点的确定............................................................................10 3.2工作座椅的设计要求.............................................................................11 3.3轿车座椅主要外形参数及R点的确定...................................................12 3.3.1轿车座椅外型尺寸主要参数......................................................12 3.3.2轿车座椅R点的确定....................................................................13 3.3.3轿车驾驶员座椅外观尺寸图......................................................13 第4章轿车驾驶员座椅骨架结构设计..............................................................15 4.1轿车驾驶员座椅骨架主要结构尺寸.....................................................15 4.2轿车驾驶员座椅调节机构的结构设计和计算.....................................16 4.2.1前后调节机构的工作原理和相关计算......................................16 4.2.2高度调节机构的工作原理和相关计算......................................17 4.2.3角度调节机构的工作原理..........................................................18 本科生毕业设计（论文）IV4.3轿车驾驶员骨架整体结构.....................................................................19 第5章座椅骨架静强度分析..............................................................................20 5.1有限元算法在汽车座椅安全性研究中的应用.....................................20 5.2轿车座椅的强度要求.............................................................................20 5.2.1座椅的静强度..............................................................................21 5.2.2座椅的冲击强度..........................................................................22 5.2.3座椅的疲劳强度..........................................................................22 5.3确定需要分析的部件.............................................................................22 5.4对座椅靠背骨架进行静强度分析.........................................................23 5.4.1建立靠背骨架模型并指定材料..................................................23 5.4.2进入CATIA工程分析模块并划分网格.......................................24 5.4.3在靠背骨架上定义约束..............................................................24 5.4.4在靠背骨架上施加载荷......