您好,欢迎访问三七文档
EnglishLexicology(III)Englishlexicology(III)2Contents8.WordMeaning9.SenseRelationsTobecontinuedChapter8WordMeaning8.1TypesofWordMeaning8.2GrammaticalMeaning8.3Lexicalmeaning8.4Conceptualmeaning8.5AssociativemeaningEnglishlexicology(III)48.1TypesofWordMeaningConceptualMeaningAssociativeMeaningStylisticmeaningCollocativemeaningAffectivemeaningConnotativemeaningGrammaticalMeaningLexicalMeaningWordMeaningEnglishlexicology(III)58.2GrammaticalMeaningGrammaticalmeaning(语法意义)referstothatpartofmeaningofthewordwhichindicatesgrammaticalconceptorrelationshipssuchasthewordclass,singularandpluralformsofnouns,tensemeaningofverbsandtheirinflectionalforms(forget,forgets,forgot,forgotten,forgetting).Englishlexicology(III)68.2GrammaticalMeaningThedogischasingthecat.Tables;cars;books;women.Taught;worked;forgave;wentForget;forgot;forgets;forgottenEnglishlexicology(III)78.3LexicalmeaningLexicalmeaning(词汇意义)isthemeaningofanisolatedwordinadictionary.Thiscomponentofmeaningisidenticalinalltheformsofthesameword.E.g.‘go,goes,went,gone,going’possessdifferentgrammaticalmeaning.Buttheyhavethesamelexicalmeaningexpressingtheprocessofmovement.Lexicalmeaningitselfhastwocomponents:conceptualmeaningandassociativemeaning.Englishlexicology(III)88.4ConceptualmeaningConceptualmeaning(概念意义)(alsoknownasdenotativemeaning)isthemeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformsthecoreofwordmeaning.Conceptualmeaningformsthebasisforcommunicationasthesamewordhasthesameconceptualmeaningtoallthespeakersofthesamelanguage.Sun:aheavenlybodywhichgivesofflight,heat,andenergyMother:afemaleparentEnglishlexicology(III)9DenotationThedenotativemeaningisalsocalledtheconceptualmeaning.Itisthedenotativeinthatitisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenawordandthethingitdenotes,orrefersto.Thelinguisticsymbol:HOUSE,房子Thereferent:ThethingisthedenotationofthewordEnglishlexicology(III)108.5AssociativemeaningAssociatemeaning(关联意义)isthesecondarymeaningsupplementedtotheconceptualmeaning.Itdiffersfromtheconceptualmeaninginthatitisliabletotheinfluenceofsuchfactorsasculture,experience,religion,geographicalregion,classbackground,education,etc.Associativemeaningcomprisesfourtypes:connotativemeaning,stylisticmeaning,affectivemeaning,andcollocativemeaning.Englishlexicology(III)118.5AssociativemeaningConnotativemeaning(内涵意义)Incontrasttodenotativemeaning,connotativemeaningreferstotheovertonesorassociationswhichawordsuggestsorimplies.Mother(afemaleparent)isoftenassociatedwith‘love’,‘care’,‘tenderness’,‘forgiving’,etc.Home(adwellingplace)maysuggest‘family,warmth,safety,love,convenience’,etc.‘Eastorwest,homeisbest’.Statesmanimplies‘loyalty,devotiontopublicwelfare’;politicianimplies‘deceit,bragging,villainy’.Englishlexicology(III)12ConnotationTheconnotativemeaningreferstotheemotionalassociationawordcarries.Forexample,mother,denotinga‘femaleparent’,isoftenassociatedwithlove,care,tenderness,warmth,support,etc.Theseconnotationarenotgiveninthedictionary,butassociatedwiththewordinthemindofreadersorspeakers.Englishlexicology(III)13Thedenotationofawordisthethingintherealworldthewordislinkedto.Theconnotationofawordreferstotheemotionalassociationsthatawordmaycarry.DenotationandConnotationThedenotationofhomeisaplacewhereonelives.Theconnotationofhome:Whereweloveishome,aplacewhereourfeetmayleave,butneverourheart.Englishlexicology(III)14ConnotativemeaningNegativeThereare2,000vagrantsinthecity.NeutralThereare2,000peoplewithnofixedaddressesinthecity.PositiveThereare2,000homelessinthecity.Allthreeoftheseexpressionsrefertothesamepeople,buttheywillinvokedifferentemotiveassociationsinthereaders’mind:a‘vagrant’isapublicnuisance,whileahomelesspersonisaworthyobjectofpityandcharity.Englishlexicology(III)158.5AssociativemeaningConnotativemeaningForpeoplewithdifferentculturalbackgrounds,awordmightevokedifferentassociations.ChinaBritainmagpieGoodluck,goodwillwordinessowlbadluck,malignancecomposure,wisdomredhappiness,goodluck,successunfavouredstate‘red-lightdistrict’‘redflags’‘inthered”Englishlexicology(III)168.5AssociativemeaningStylisticmeaning(文体意义)Wordsmayhavestylisticfeatures,whichmakethemappropriatefordifferentcontexts.Thisstylisticdifferenceisespeciallytrueofsynonyms.Itisobservedthattherearefewwordswhichhaveboththesameconceptualmeaningandstylisticmeaning.Englishlexicology(III)17SocialorStylisticMeaningSocialmeaningisthatwhichapieceoflanguageconveysaboutthesocialcircumstanceofitsuse.Underdifferentsocialcircumstances,wehavedifferentstyles.MartinJoos(1967)recognizedfivedifferentstylesusingthecriterionofformalityFrozenFormalConsultativeCasualIntimateEnglishlexicology(III)18StylisticMeaningThefrozenandformalstylesoccurinwrittenreport.Consultative,casual,andintimatestylesoccurineverydayuse.Consultativestyleisapoliteandfairlyneutralstyle,usedwhenwearetalkingtoapersonwhomwedonotknowwell.Casualandintimatestylesareusedinconversationbetweenfriends.Wecansimplifythestylesintothreelevels:formal,neutral,andinformalEnglishlexicology(III)198.5AssociativemeaningStylisticmeaningDegreesofformalityFormalNeu
本文标题:英语词汇学3
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-1909242 .html