英语词汇学English Lexicology (I)

“Withoutgrammarverylittlecanbeconveyed,withoutvocabularynothingcanbeconveyed.”EnglishLexicology(I)EnglishLexicology(I)2unilateral,bilateral,trilateral,multilateralmonogamy,polygamyinflexible,imbalance,irrational,illegaldownload,copyright,motherwit,greenwealthWesummeredinQingdaolastyear.EnglishLexicology(I)3skate,skim,skin,ski,sketch,skidThisfoxgoeswellwithyourcap.Heistoofoundofbottles.blue-collarworkers,white-collarworkers,gray-collarworks,pink-collarworks,gold-collarworkersforbiddenfruitsThequestionwasliketheSphinx’sriddletothemYourAdam’sappleisnotapparentastimidasarabbit;agreenhandEnglishLexicology(I)4It’sadifficultoperation.IdothinkAdamisquick.asheetofpaper;awhitepaper,atermpaper;today’spaper,examinationpaperEnglishLexicology(I)5Heisawiseboy.A:IsthelibraryopenSundays?B:Ofcourse.LadiesandGentleman,I’mdelightedtointroduceyouaveryprettygirl,MissBrown.SheisaverygoodteacherfromU.S.A.EnglishLexicology(I)6Contents1.Introduction2.BasicConceptsofWordsandVocabulary3.TheDevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabulary4.MorphologicalStructureTobecontinuedChapter1Introduction1.1Language,LinguisticsandLexicology1.2AimsandSignificanceoftheCourseEnglishLexicology(I)81.1Language,LinguisticsandLexicologyWhatislanguage?Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Itisaspecificsocialactionandacarrierofinformation.“Languageisman’swayofcommunicationwithhisfellowmanandItislanguagealonewhichseparatehimfromtheloweranimals”EnglishLexicology(I)91.1Language,LinguisticsandLexicologyWhatislinguistics?Generallyspeaking,linguisticscanbedefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Tobemoreexact,linguisticsstudiesthegeneralprinciplesuponwhichlanguagesareconstructedandoperateassystemsofhumancommunicationEnglishLexicology(I)101.1Language,LinguisticsandLexicologyWhatislexicology?Lexicologyisabranchoflinguisticsconcernedwiththestudyofthevocabularyofagivenlanguage.Itdealswithwords,theirorigin,development,structure,formation,meaningandusage.EnglishLexicology(I)111.2AimsandSignificanceoftheCourseWhatislexicology?Englishlexicologyisatheoretically-orientedcourse.ItischieflyconcernedwiththebasictheoriesofwordsingeneralandofEnglishwordsinparticular.However,itisapracticalcourseaswell,forinthediscussion,weshallinevitablydealwithcopiousstocksofwordsandidioms,andstudymanyusageexamples.Naturally,therewillbealargequantityofpracticeinvolved.EnglishLexicology(I)121.2AimsandSignificanceoftheCourseTheroleofvocabularyinthelanguagesystemVocabularyisthebuildingmaterialofthelanguagesystem.Itisoneofthethereessentialelementsoflanguage:speechsounds,grammarandvocabulary.“Withoutgrammarverylittlecanbeconveyed,withoutvocabularynothingcanbeconveyed.”“…thereisasenseinwhichlearningaforeignlanguageisbasicallyamatteroflearningthevocabularyofthatlanguage.Notbeingabletofindthewordstoexpressyourselfisthemostfrustratingexperienceinspeakinganotherlanguage.”EnglishLexicology(I)131.2AimsandSignificanceoftheCourseAimsofthecourseGiveasystematicdescriptionoftheEnglishvocabulary.OfferaninsightintotheoriginanddevelopmentoftheEnglishvocabulary.Discusstheproblemsofword-structureandword-formationStudytheuseofEnglishwords,theirmeaningsandchangesinmeaning,theirsenserelations.EnglishLexicology(I)141.2AimsandSignificanceoftheCourseThesignificanceofthecourseDevelopyourpersonalvocabularyandconsciouslyincreaseyourwordpower(activevocabulary).Understandword-meaningandorganize,classifyandstorewordsmoreeffectively.Raiseyourawarenessofmeaningandusages,usewordsmoreaccuratelyandappropriately.Developyourskillsandhabitsofanalyzingandgeneralizinglinguisticphenomenainyourlearningexperiences.Ultimatelyimproveyourreceptiveandproductiveskillsinlanguageprocessingaswellaslanguageproduction.EnglishLexicology(I)15FourlevelsofwordpowerSpeakingvocabulary(activevocabulary)Writingvocabulary(activevocabulary)Readingvocabulary(passivevocabulary)Guessvocabulary(passivevocabulary)EnglishLexicology(I)16Watergate,Irangate,Zippergateecology,ecocide,ecocrisis,eco-friendly-ump:plump,chump,rump,hump,stump,dump,mump,lump,bump,tumpEnglishLexicology(I)17Picturepainting,drawing(includingsketch,diagram,graph),illustration,chartAflockofsheep,goats,birdsAherbofcows,elephants,zebras,antelopesAschooloffish,whales,dolphinsAswarmofants,bees,wasps,locusts(insects)AprideoflionsEssential,indispensable,necessaryWarmclothingisindispensableincoldwealth.It’snecessaryforustostudyhard.Theessentialpointiswemustdowhatthecontractsays.EnglishLexicology(I)18NationalpsychologyDutch:togoDutch,totalkDutch,doubleDutch,Dutchcourage,Dutchbargain,Dutchcomfort,I’maDutchmanif…Cognateadjectiveshistoric,historical;economic,economical;considerable,considerable:comprehensible,comprehensive;confident,confidentialChapter2BasicConceptsofWordsandVocabulary2.1WhatIsaWord?2.2Word,lexicalItem,Vocabulary2.3SoundandMeaning2.4MeaningandConcept2.5ClassificationofWordsEnglishLexicology(I)20ThestructureofEnglishwordsEntryLexemeWordformLexicalunit词是能独立运用的、最小的、有语义的语言单位。FunctionwordandcontentwordI(pro