高考英语阅读理解5大题型解析(福建省版)

1阅读理解5大题型解析一、细节理解题：定义：对原文的某事物、现象或理论等进行提问。它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。问题主要包询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)以及文中的数据(data)等等。特征：题干中包含有比较明确的具体信息，可以在原文中找到相对应的位置。解题方法：定位法：根据题干信息回归原文找到相对应的位置（最好做划线记号），然后仔细分析划线部分前面或后面的句子，与选项做对比，与原文表述相一致的即为正确选项。要特别注意的是，原文与选项对比是要表达意思一致，而不仅仅是某几个单词一样。经典例题：（2010年福建高考英语卷C篇）Businessesarewitnessingadifficulttime,whichhasinturnproducedinfluenceonconsumers’desiretogogreen.However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns.Twothirdsofcustomerssaythatenvironmentalconsiderationsinformtheirpurchasestothesamedegreeastheydidayearago,whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy.Thismayhelptoinfluencehowshopsstoregoodsontheirshelves.Andthecompaniesshouldstillmakeeffortstobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Twooutofthreepeoplethinkitisimportanttobuyfromenvironmentallyresponsiblecompanies,withaboutoneinsevensayingthattheyhadevendecidedtotaketheircustomelsewhereiftheyfeltacompany’senvironmentalreputationwasnotgoodenough.HarryMorrison,chiefexecutive（主管）oftheCarbonTrust,sympathizes:“Iunderstandthissituationwheresurvivalisveryimportantnow.Butfromenvironmentalconsiderations,theclockisticking—wedon’thavemuchtime.Inaddition,cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamedium-termbenefitforthebrand.”Largercompanieshaveanextramotivationtolookatreducingtheircarbonfootprint,asnewrulesnextyearwillrequirebusinessestobuycarbonallowancestomakeupfortheiremissions（排放）.Thosethathavetakenearlyactionwillhaveaheadstart.Morethantwothirdsofconsumersarenotclearaboutwhichcompaniesareenvironmentallyresponsible.Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers.TheCarbonTrustbelievesthatitcanhelpbyinformingcustomersaboutthegoodworkcompaniesaredoing.“Whencompaniesaregranted（授予）thestandard,theycanusealogo（标识）inalltheirmarketingwhichmakesitclearthattheyareworkingtowardscuttingemissions,”Mr.Morrisonsaid.66．AccordingtoHarryMorrison,businesses.A.willbenefitfromcuttingcarbonemissionsB.shouldbuycarbonallowancesforshoppersC.arerequiredtomakeupfortheircarbonemissionsD.haveencouragedshopperstotaketheircustomelsewhere实战演练：（2010年福建高考英语卷E篇）IntheUnitedStates,thereweresomewell-constructedhousesfornativeIndians,rangingfromthesimplebrushsheltertothefive-storiedpueblo.IntheeasternUnitedStates,oneoftheexistingtypeswasthatcommonlyknowundertheAlgonkiannameofwigwaminwhichtheIroquoisIndianslived.Thewigwamswereofwagon-topshapewithstraightsidesandends,madebybendingyoungtreestoformtheroundshape.Overthisshapepiecesoftreebarkwerelaidtoprotectthe2Indiansfrombadweather.Overthebarkdriedgrasswasadded.Asmallholeallowedsmoketoescapefromthetop.Doorwaysateachenservedalsoaswindows,TheIroquoisIndiansbuilttrunkwallsallaroundtheirvillages.Thewallhadonlyoneopening.Theycouldquicklyclosethisopeningiftheirenemiescamenear.Interestingly,theChoctawIndiansinMississippialsolivedinawigwamofamostprimitive(原始的)construction,butdifferentfromthoseoftheIroquoisIndians.TheChoctawIndians’wigwams,madefrommud,caneandstraw,wereintheformofabee-hive.Thecoveringwasmadeofalong,toughgrass.Apostinthecentresupportedtheroof.Aholeinthetopadmittedthelight,andallowedthesmoketopassout.Thetipitent-housingoftheupperlakeandplainsareawasputupwithpolessetlightlyintheground,tiedtogethernearthetop,andcoveredwithbarkandgrassinthelakecountry.Itwaseasilyportable,andtwowomencouldsetituportakeitdownwithinanhour.ThePawnee,MandanandotherIndiantribes(部落)alongtheMissouribuiltsolidring-shapedstructuresoftrunk,coveredwithearthanddriedgrass,housingadozenfamilies.TheWichitaandothertribesoftheTexasborderbuiltlargering-shapedhousescoveredwithdriedgrass.Apartfromtheregularhousing,almosteverytribehadsomestyleofhousing.73.Accordingtothepassage,thePawneeIndiansbuilttheirhouses_____.A.withopeningsinthetrunkwallsB.largeenoughforseveralfamiliesC.inaringshapewithbarkandmudD.bybendingyoungtreestoformtheshapexx|二、推理判断题：定义：在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，根据文章的信息做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。它包括判断和推理题，这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。近年来高考推理判断题的题量有加大的趋势，考生一定要注意：特征：一般有如下提问方式：（1）Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage/textthat______.或Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?（2）Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat_________（3）Thepassagesuggeststhat________（4）WhichofthefollowingisTRUE/NotTrueaccordingtothepassage?（5）Wecanlearn/knowfromthepassagethat_____________.（6）Accordingtothetext,whichcanbestdescribe×××?（7）Whichistrueabout×××?解题方法：排除法：由于题干中没有提供具体的信息让我们在原文中找到位置，所以这类题型只能从选项入手，A、、B、C、D四个选项逐个与原文对比分析，先排除在原文中能找得到且对比之后发现与原文不一致的错误选项，再排除文章中未提到的选项，最后得出正确选项，正确选项总是和原文中的某句话、某个信息由直接或间接地关系。经典例题：（2010年福建高考英语卷C篇）Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsandjudgingspeedanddistance.Itrequiresyoutopredictwhatotherroaduserswilldoandgetreadytoreacttosomethingunexpected,Whenalcoholisconsumed,itentersyourbloodstreamandactsasadepressant（抑制药），damagingeyesight,judgmentandco-ordination（协调），slowingdownreactiontimeandgreatlyincreasingtheriskofaccidents.Evenbelowthedrinkdrivinglink,drivingwillbeaffected.Alcoholmaytakeafewminutestobeabsorbedint