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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 高考英语语法专题精讲精练-定语从句
第1页共4页语法专题一:定语从句1.定语从句的几个基本概念:1)先行词:即被定语从句修饰的名次或代词,通常位于定从的前面。2)先行词在从句中担当成份:根据不同成份,用相应的关系代词或关系副词。3)关系代词:即先行词在定从中作主、宾、表、定。作主语:指物,则用that,which引导,且不能省略;指人,用that,who引导,不省略。作宾语:即及物动词宾语和介词宾语:指物,用that,which引导,可省略;指人,用that,who,whom引导,可省略。注意:如将介词提到了定从之首,先行词指人,只能用whom;指物只能用which。作表语:一般指人、指物皆用that,可省略。作定语:指人、指物皆用whose,不省略。4)关系副词:即先行词在定从中作状语,指时间用when,地点用where,原因用why,亦可用介词+which替代。所谓作状语:即先行词不能直接放入从句中,需要有一个介词连接,而从句中却没有这个介词。5)非限制性定语从句:即用逗号与主句或先行词分开,用于补充说明。(1)which:用于指代先行词(物),或整个主句,不能省略。(2)who/whom:用于指代先行词(人),不能省略。(3)all/someof+which/whom:用于指代先行词的部分。(4)as为关系代词,“正如、就像”的意思,引导定从时可置于句首、句中或句末。注意:在非限制性定从中,不能用that。2.一些特殊用法:1)一般只用that引导从句的情况:(1)限制性定语从句中,当先行词被强调,如被any,every,each,few,little,no,some,theonly,thevery等修饰时;(2)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等时;(3)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时;(4)先行词既有人又有物时;(5)当句中已有who时,为避免重复。2)一般只用which引导从句的情况:(1)引导非限制性定语从句,指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句时;(2)引导介词、介词短语提前的定语从句时;(3)当先行词为集体名词时,着眼于整体,用which;着眼于各个成员,用who;(4)替代某些固定短语中的指示代词,如this,that等,引导定从。3)由as引导的定语从句的几种常见情况:(1)as引导非限制性定语从句,说明整个主句的内容,和which引导定语从句代替整个句子的区别是:which不能放在句首,而as则可以;在句中,as有“正如”、“就象”之意,而which则没有此意;(2)当先行词前有thesame,such修饰时,或在“so/as…as”结构中,表示“那样……以致”,后用关系代词as引导限制性定语从句;(3)在such…as结构中,as为关系代词,替代先行词,引导的是定语从句;在such…that结构中,that为连词,引导的是一个完整的结果状语从句。第2页共4页4)当way作先行词时,可用that,inwhich或省略引导定从5)当先行词为situation,case,point,job,condition等时,常用where引导定从。6)当先行词为oneofthe+复数名词时,定从的谓动用复数动词;当先行词为the(only)oneofthe+复数名词时,定从的谓动用单数动词;巩固练习:1.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what2.Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,______hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime3.Iworkinabusiness______almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that4.TheEnglishplay______mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich5.NewYork,______Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inwhich6.Icanthinkofmanycases______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where7.GeorgeOrwell,______wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname8.______isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingA.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What9.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone______theycantalkfrequently.AwhoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom10.Anyway,thatevening,______I'lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel'splace.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which11.Thefactory______thestudentsvisitedlastweekistheone______Ihaveworkedfortheeyears.A.that;whichB.when;inwhichC./;whereD.which;that12.Themostimportantthing_____weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing____Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that13.Theschool______myfatherteachesisaworld-famousone,______wassetup100yearsago.A.where;whichB.which;whichC./;whereD.where;that14.ThisisMr.Smith,______Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.whoB.whomC.thatD./15.______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What16.---Whenwasthehousebuilt?---Itwasbuiltin1949______thePRCwasfounded.第3页共4页A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when17.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.A.asB.whichC.whoD.that18.Hehasthreebrothers,______isadoctor.A.allofthemB.allofwhomC.noneofwhomD.bothofthem19.Theyoungmothersawherbabyfalltotheground,______broughtherhearttohermouth.A.itB.andthatC.andwhichD.that20.Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why21.Theplace______interestedmemostwastheGnatWall.A.inwhichB.whichC.whereD.what22.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes______offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar.A.whicharenotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen23.I'dlikeacar______frontlightsarebigandtuned.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.ofwhich24.Youwereveryimpolitetohim,for______youshouldmakeanapologytohim,Ithink,A.thisB.whichC.whatD.that25.Theartist______thejudgegaveaprizeistheteacher______Ihavebeentaughtpaintingfortwoyears.A.fromwhom;bywhomB.towhom;whoC.fromwhom;whoD.towhom;bywhom26.Forweeksthestreethasn'tbeencleanedbythecleaners,______makesitverydirty.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.this27.Nowteenagersliketogotothefastfoodrestaurants,______eatingdoesn’ttakemuchtime.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.where28.Inmyoldschoolalbumtherearesomepicturesofsometeachers______can’tbefoundinyours.A.whichB.whoC.thoseD.they29.Henrysetupaclubforfootballfans,______heinvitedallhisfriends.A.forwhomB.towhomC.towhichD.fromwhich30.Hisparentswouldn'tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose31.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.when32.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when33.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which34.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,______,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what35.IboughtanancientChine
本文标题:高考英语语法专题精讲精练-定语从句
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