人教版高中英语必修一Unit1语法知识

GrammarDirectandIndirectSpeechⅠ直接引语和间接引语（Ⅰ）直接引语(directspeech):直接引用别人的话,把它放在引号内。间接引语(indirectspeech):用自己的话转述别人的话。1.转述他人的陈述→陈述句Shesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”ShesaidthatshewasgoingtoBeijing.2.转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句Heasked,“Areyouadoctor?”Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.3.转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句Sheasked,“Whatareyoudoing?”SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化陈述句用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接说toldthat。Hesaid,“IhavebeentoJapan.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentoJapan.Shesaid,“I’llgiveyouanexamtomorrow.”Shetoldusthatshewouldgiveusanexamtomorrow.陈述句解题步骤:“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthat(Idon’tlikecomputers.)Shedidn’tSarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.一般疑问句间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等),语序是陈述句的语序Tomsaid,“DoyouhaveanydifficultywithEnglish?”Tomasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithEnglish.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren’tyou?”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.一般疑问句解题步骤:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)Itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.Theyaskedhimif(itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.)AskediswasTheyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.特殊疑问句原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达,语序改为陈述句语序。Hesaidtome,“Whereareyoufrom?”HeaskedmewhereIwasfrom.Heaskedus,“Howmanyfactoriesarethereinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanyfactoriestherewereinourcountry.特殊疑问句解题步骤：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheat（youharvestthewheat.)heHarvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.选择疑问句用whether…or…表达(不用if/either…or…)Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorChinese?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorChinese.Iasked,“Willyoutakeabusoronfoot?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakeabusoronfoot.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变。Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效,变间接引语时,时态可不变。Thechildrensaid,“Welovethisgame.”Thechildrentoldusthattheylovethatgame.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态,在引述时,时态不变。Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.DriectspeechIndirectspeech在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时态的变化2.注意人称和指示代词变化3.注意时间和地点的变化4.注意个别趋向动词的变化Sentencestructurestatementsay/tellsb.(that)+从句一般疑问句ask/wonderwhether/if+陈述句语序特殊疑问句ask/wonderwh-word+陈述句语序playedfootballwasplayinghadplayedhadplayedwouldplayhadplayedAttention:Therearesomecasesinwhichwedon’tneedtochangethetenseinindirectspeech.Whendirectspeechisabout:a)atruth真理b)atimetable时间表c)asaying/proverb/quotation格言/引用语d)Anadverbialindicatingthepast过去的时间状语Hesaidhe…