英语四级2018-12月真题(一)

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesofstartingacareeraftergraduation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.2018年12月英语四级真题(一)PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollutioncoststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostserious26occurringinthedevelopingworld.Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts27withairpollution.Lostincomealoneamountsto$225billionayear.Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.Indoorpollution,whichincludes28likehomeheatingandcooking,hasremained29overthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthearea.Levelsofoutdoorpollutionhavegrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryandtransportation.DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationChrisMurray30itasan“urgentcalltoaction.”“Oneoftheriskfactorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,overwhichindividualshavelittle31,”hesaid.Theeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomeplaceslost-laborincome32nearly1%ofGDP.Around9in10peopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesliveinplaceswherethey33experiencedangerouslevelsofoutdoorairpollution.Buttheproblemisnotlimited34tothedevelopingworld.ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.asaresultofrelatedillnesses.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediesel(柴油)35havebecomemorecommoninrecentyears,thatnumberreachestensofthousands.A)abilityI)exclusivelyB)associatedJ)innovatedC)consciouslyK)regularlyD)constantL)relatesE)controlM)sourcesF)damageN)undermineG)describedO)vehiclesH)equalsSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Food-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgress[A]Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaislesofRalph’smarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecentday,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau,wanderingthecerealaislewithAllisonScott,givinghersomeideaonhowtofeedkidswhopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy.“Haveyouthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning?”heasksher.“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,andfruitsarereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare,youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning.”[B]ScottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysicianwhoisprogramdirectorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllenDiabetesCenter,partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance.Thecenter’s‘ShopwithYourDoc’programsendsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfortheservice,plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.[C]Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni(通心粉)-and-cheeseboxesinScott’sshoppingcartandsuggestssheswitchtowholegrainmacaroniandrealcheese.“SoI’dhavetomakeit?”sheasks,herenthusiasmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsrejectit.“I’mnotsurethey’deatit.Theyjustwon’teatit.”[D]Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren.“InAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,”Nadeautellsher.“Andonly5percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreversethat.”Scottagreestotrymorefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniandcheese.Scoreonepointforthedoctor,zerofordiabetes.[E]NadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaroundfordecades,butit’smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthanrelyingsolelyonmedications(药物).Byprescribingnutritionalchangesorlaunchingprogramssuchas‘ShopwithyourDoc’,theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreversediseasebychangingwhatpatientseat.“There’snoquestionpeoplecantakethingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes,reversinghighbloodpressure,evenpreventingcancerbyfoodchoices,”Nadeausays.[F]Inthebigpicture,saysDr.RichardAfable,CEOandpresidentofST.JosephHoagHealth,medicalinstitutionsacrossthestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecomingahealthorganization,notjustahealthcareorganization.ThatfeelingechoesthebeliefsoftheTherapeuticFoodPantryprogramatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneralHospital,whichcompleteditspilotphaseandisabouttoexpandonanongoingbasistofiveclinicsitesthroughoutthecity.Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensivetraininginhowtocookit.“Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjustgiveawayfood,”saysDr.RitaNguyen,thehospital’smedicaldirectorofHealthyFoodInitiatives.“Wewantpeopletounders