高三英语主谓一致

1第十三讲模块三语法专练：主谓一致【考点透视】在近年高考英语试题中，单项填空部分直接涉及到主谓一致的内容不是十分频繁，但是这并不是说主谓一致不重要，一方面在试题的其他方面有一定程度的体现，另一方面说明在今后的单选命题中考查主谓一致的几率更高。有关主谓一致的考点主要分布在：语法结构对主谓一致的影响；充当主语的词汇意义对主谓一致的影响；复合句中的主谓一致等。主谓一致指的是谓语动词与主语在人称和数方面的一致。主谓一致有三项原则，即：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则是在特殊情况下对语法一致的补充。这里就一些情况作如下说明：（一）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，谓语常用单数。如：Fiveminutesisenoughtodothisexercise.（二）不定代词each，every，no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数。如：Eachboyandeachgirlwantstoservethepeopleinfuture.（三）不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。（四）从句作主语时：1．what引导的主语从句，谓语动词视情况而定。Whatweneedismoretime./Whatweneedaremoreteachers.2．在“oneof+复数名词+who/that”引导的从句中的动词用复数，但当one之前有theonly等修饰语时，从句中的动词则用单数。如：Thisisoneofthegirlswhowerelateforthemeeting.Thisistheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslateforthemeeting.（五）以and连接的两个名词作主语时谓语动词通常用复数。如：Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.但在以下几种情况中用单数：1．当被修饰的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一个人、物或概念时。如：Thegirl’steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor.2．当被连接的两个单数名词表示的是一副用具时。Aknifeandforkisonthetable.（六）有些以-s结尾的名词作主语时，根据其意思来决定谓语动词的单复数：1．表示学科名称的名词→单数；22．国家或团体名称→单数；3．theOlympicGames→复数；4．当复数同形的名词，如：means，works等。Everymeanshasbeentried./Allmeanshavebeentried.（七）集体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数：1．police，people等名词→复数；2．clothing，equipment，furniture等名词→单数；3．family，class，public，population等名词表示个体时→单数；表示单位成员时→复数；（八）all，most，half，therest等不定代词作主语时，视其所代的名词或意思来决定谓语动词的单复数。（九）alotof/lotsof，alargequantityof等量词+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由这些量词后的名词决定。如：Alargequantityofpeopleareneededhere.但largequantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Largequantitiesoffood/booksareonthetable.（十）akindof／kindsof作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由kind决定，type也是这样。如：Thiskindofmenisdangerous./Menofthisaredangerous.（十一）分数或百分数+名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由分数或百分数后的名词决定。（十二）morethanone...，manya...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Manyastudenthasreadthebook.（十三）or，either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与就近的主语一致。（十四）主语后面跟有like，aswellas/with/alongwith/togetherwith，except/but/ratherthan，including/besides/inadditionto等词组时，谓语根据主语而定。如：Theteachertogetherwithhisstudentswasexcited.【题例精析】【例1】—Mike,whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow?—Everyboyandeverygirlaswellasteacherswho_______tovisitthemuseum_______askedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6:30inthemorning.（2007南京一中卷）A.is;isB.are;areC.is;areD.are;is【易错点悟】解答该题的关键是要理解题干结构，把握以every,no,each等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词用作主语时的主谓一致以及定语从句中的主谓一致。3【要点精析】该题为一个带有定语从句的复合句，句中作定语的关系代词who指代先行词teachers，为复数，故谓语动词该用are；aswellas连接两个主语时，谓语动词要根据前一个主语决定；由every,no,each等限定的并由and连接的两个并列名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。【答案】D【例2】Whattheremoteareasneed_____educationtochildrenandwhatthechildrenneed_____goodtextbooksatthemoment.（2007山东枣庄3月交流卷）A.is;areB.are;isC.was;wereD.were;was【易错点悟】解答该题关键是要注意由特殊疑问词what引导的主语从句作主语时的主谓一致关系。【要点精析】一般情况下，what引导主语从句，常表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式，但当它所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词要用复数形式。该题强调现在，用一般现在时态。【答案】A【专项检测】1.Whom_______thispairofglassesbelongtoandwhose________theglassesonthetable?A.does;isB.do;areC.does;areD.do;is2.There_______apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.have3.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica________oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.A.isB.areC.wasD.were4.“All______presentandall________goingonwell,”ourmonitorsaid.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are5.Ihavefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhich_________verydifficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.were6.Thetroublewithsuchresourcesascoal,oilandgas______thattheyarenotrenewable.A.hasbeenB.areC.havebeenD.is7.Morethanoneexample_______necessarytomakethestudentsunderstandthisruleclearly.A.shouldbeB.isC.areD.havebeen8.Althoughmanyofthehousesinthesmalltown______stillinneedofrepair,there_______lotsofimprovementintheirappearance.A.are;hasbeenB.is;havebeen4C.is;areD.are;was9.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly_________agoodhabit.A.isB.areC.wereD.was10.Thepolice_______askedthatanyonewhosawtheaccidentshouldgetintouchwith_______.A.have;themB.has;himC.have;himD.has;them11.MyfriendandclassmatePaul________horse-ridinginhissparetime.A.practiceB.practicesC.ispracticed.D.ispracticing12.Peoplelikebeautifulthings,butthebeautiful________notalwaystheuseful.A.isB.areC.wasD.were13.―Areyouveryanxious?―Yes.Tenminutes________likeanhourwhenyouarewaitingforaphonecall.A.seemB.seemsC.doD.does14.Onthewall________twolargepicturesofhisparents.A.hangsB.hangedC.hangingD.hang15.That’stheoneofthesubjectsthat___________tostartaconversation.A.intendsB.intendC.areintendedD.isintended16.I,who_________yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourstudy.A.beB.amC.areD.is17.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI_______goodatpainting.Bothofus_________goodpainters.A.are;areB.am;areC.is;isD.are;is18.Settingfiretothepublicbuildings________highlydangerousandforbiddenbylaw.A.areB.isC.hasD.were19._________visitorstotheUKwereaskedbynewspaperreporterswhattheirimpressionsoftheBritishpeoplewere.A.ThenumberofB.AnumberofC.NumbersofD.Anynumbersof20.Thefirsttwoquestionswereeasy,buttherestofthem_______not.A.wasB.wereC.beingD.tobe21.“Thepublic_______thebestjudge.”means“thepublicalways______theirthoughtscorrectly.”A.are;expressB.are;expressesC.is;expressD.is;express22.Thiskindofcakes______goodwhilecakesofthatkind________different.5A.taste;areB.tastes;areC.smells;isD.look;are23.Wheretofindtheteacherandwheretodotheexperiment_________.A.arenotknownB.isnotknownC.h