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复合句TheComplexSentencesinJuniorEnglish:初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有:TheObjectClause(宾语从句)、TheAdverbialClause(状语从句)和TheAttributiveClause(定语从句)。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现,但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。【速记口诀】+宾语从句须注意,几点事项应牢记。+一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。+陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否替;(if,whether)+特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。+二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。+主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;+主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移。+三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。Ⅰ.TheObjectClause(宾语从句)宾语从句是英语复合句中用来充当宾语的句子。宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成,其语序是陈述句语序.Shesaid(thatshewasfromTCL.)主句引导词主语谓语1.that+陈述句的宾语从句主句的谓语动词是say,think,tell,know,hear,see,feel,mean,hope,wish,remember,forget等时,或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid,glad,sure,sorry等作表语的系表结构时,后面常接that引导的宾语从句。例如:Hesaysthat______________________.(他想要和你通话)I’msorry(that)___________________他现在不在这里that本身无意义,不充当任何成分,常被省略hewantstospeaktoyou.heisn’thererightnow.Note:1.宾语从句的否定转移:主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等时,从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如:我认为鸡不会游泳。Ithinkchickenscannotswim.()Idon’tthinkchickenscanswim.()此外,上述情况在变成反意疑问句时,附加疑问句要看从句,如果主句的主语不是第一人称,则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较:Ithinkheiswrong,_________?Hethinksheisright,___________?isn’thedoesn’the2.if/whether+一般疑问句的宾语从句if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词,意为“是否”,在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中;whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如:Sheaskedmeif/whether________________.我是否能帮助她Idon’tknowif/whether__________________是否将要下雨用陈述句语序Icouldhelpheritisgoingtorain.Note:只用whether的四种情况:2.直接与ornot连用时Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcome.1.在介词后I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.3.Whether+动词不定式Checkthepricesbeforeyoudecidewhethertobuyone.4.宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.3.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,wherehow,why+特殊疑问句的宾语从句例如:Doyouknow___________________________?谁下午将要来Didyouhear______________?她说过什么吗Wedidn’tknow_________________________她将什么时候回来Whowillcomethisafternoonwhathesaidwhenshewouldcomeback.连接代词/连接副词在宾语从句中充当一定的子成份,不能省略(主语)(宾语)(状语)关于宾语从句的时态对应*特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时,则用一般现在时,不受主句时态的限制Hesaysthathe______toseehimassoonaspossible.(want)Hesaidthathe______toseehimassoonaspossible.(want)Theteachertoldusthattheearth____roundthesun.(go)wantswantedgoes主句从句1、一般现在时A.过去的某一种时态2、一般过去时B.根据句意选择时态Ⅱ.TheAdverbialClause(状语从句)状语从句是副词性从句,其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等,在句中作状语,通常由从属连词引导。Whenyougetoffthebus,youmustn’tpushothers.(时间状语从句)主句Mymotherwillcomeifitdoesn’traintomorrow.主句(条件状语从句)Note:在时间状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。1)主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在时:e.g.Theboywillbeawriterwhenhegrowsup.2)主句含有情态动词,从句用一般现在时:e.g.Whenthelightsarered,thetrafficmuststop.3)主句为祈使句时,从句用一般现在时:e.g.Pleasedon’tgotobedbeforeyoufinishyourhomework.4)主句为一般过去时,从句也用过去时态:e.g.IlikedreadingwhenIwasyoung.B)TheAdverbialClauseofPlace(地点状语从句)1)Introducedbywheree.g.Putthemedicinewhereyoucaneasilygetit.2)Introducedbywherevere.g.I’llgowhereveryougo.C)TheAdverbialClauseofManner(方式状语从句)1)Introducedbyase.g.I’lldoallthethingsasyoutoldme.2)Introducedbyasif/though(可用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况,也可用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的情况)e.g.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.Helooksasifhewereyoung.3)Introducedbythewaye.g.Idon’tlikethewayhetalks.D)TheAdverbialClauseofReason(原因状语从句)1)Introducedbybecausebecause语气最强,它着重说明原因。用why提问的问句必须用because回答,不能用as,since;e.g.--Whydidn’thecome?--Becausehewasill.2)Introducedbysincesince语气比较弱,表示关系上的自然结果,尤其用于对已经清楚了的因素,常译成“既然”,“鉴于”,通常从句放在主句前;e.g.Sincealotofpeoplemakemistakesinlife,MrSmithwantedtogiveJohnachance.3)Introducedbyasas语气最弱,只表示一般的因果关系,从句放在主句前或后均可;e.g.Ashedidn’tknowthemeaningoftheword,helookeditupinhisdictionary.Note:for是并列连词,引导的句子不置于句首,是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。e.g.Theoilmustbeout,forthelightwentout.E)TheAdverbialClauseofCondition(条件状语从句)1)条件状语从句通常由if或unless(=ifnot)引导,从句中常用一般时代替将来时,即if或unless后的句子谓语用一般现在时或一般过去时。但是,主句则通常用将来时,情态动词或祈使句。e.g.Ifhedoesn’tcomeontime,wewon’tknowwhattoknow.Hemustcomeifheistold.Pleaseletmeknowifhecomesback.I’llgothereunlessitrains.2)If条件句的替代形式:(1)祈使句+and/or+陈述句(谓语动词通常用将来时态)。其中,and表示句意顺承;or表示转折,意为“否则”。e.g.Ifyouworkhard,you’llpasstheexameasily.=Workhard,andyou’llpasstheexameasily.Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llfallbehindothers.=Workhard,oryou’llfallbehindothers.(2)用介词with,without的替代形式:e.g.Ifthereisnowater,thefishmaydie.=Fishmaydiewithoutwater.Ifyouhelpme,I’llfinishmytaskontime.=Withyourhelp,I’llfinishmytaskontime.F)TheAdverbialClauseofConcession(让步状语从句)1)Introducedbythough/althoughe.g.Thoughhetriedmanytimes,hefailedtoworkitout.2)Introducedbywh-evere.g.Whateverhesays(=Nomatterwhathesays),don’tbelievehim.3)Introducedbyevenif/eventhoughe.g.Evenifheispoor,shelovesherhusband.(Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim.)即使他穷了,她也仍然爱他。Eventhoughheispoor,shestilllovesherhusband.(Heispoor,yetsheloveshim.)尽管他穷,但她仍然爱他。+结果状语从句助记歌诀:+sothat之前有逗点;+++sothat从句变简单句的助记歌诀:+sothat合在一起,引导从句表目的。+inorderto来代替;+soasto也可能。
本文标题:英语复合句的用法
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