高考名词性从句详解

高考名词性从句目录一、引导名词性从句的连接词二.主语从句三、宾语从句四、表语从句五.同位语从句六、名词性that-从句七、名词性wh-从句八、否定转移九、高考热点透视十、专项考点练习在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词名词性从句引导词的分类引导词的类别常见引导词补充说明连词that；if、whetherasif,asthough（均表好像、似乎）that无意义，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，引导宾语从句可省略If，whether表是否，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，位于句首时只用whether连接代词whatwhichwhowhomwhosewhateverwhicheverwhoeverwhomeverwhoseverWhat不引导定语从句，引导的名词性从句其意义相当于“名词+定语从句”。连接代词有词义，在句中担任主语，表语，定语或宾语连接副词whenwherehowwhywheneverwhereverhowever有词义，在句中担任状语。when,什么时候where,什么地方why,为什么how,怎么样二.主语从句Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.注意：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名词+that从句（2）It+be+形容词+that从句（3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句（4）It+不及物动词+that从句当堂练习：（1）Itisimmediatelyclear____thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.（2）____wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.（3）watchwaslostisunknown.（4）hefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.三、宾语从句Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.（由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。）Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.注意：当think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。当堂练习：（1）Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate_______theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.（2）Shealwaysthinksofshecanworkwell.（3）Shewillgiveneedshelpawarmsupport.四、表语从句Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.That’sjustwhatIwant.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.当堂练习：（1）Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas_______wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.（2）Hehasbecomehewantedtobetenyearsago.（3）Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.五.同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回来。ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.当堂练习：Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request________theschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.六、名词性that-从句1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：主语：Thatheisstillaliveissheer(纯粹的)luck.他还活着全靠运气。宾语：JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。形容词宾语：Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明显……b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat…从所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定……c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……Itisafactthat…事实是……d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……七、名词性wh-从句1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who,whom,.whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：主语：Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：Inone'sownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语：Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。表语：MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。宾语补足语：Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位语：Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.我不知道他什么时候回来。形容词宾语：I'mnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。介词宾语：Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.那取决于我们去哪儿。2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob.还没决定谁做这项工作。Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried.他们何时结婚依然不明。八、否定转移（阅读了解）1)将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。Idon'tthinkIknowyou.我想我并不认识你。Idon'tbelievehewillcome.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。Ihopeyouweren'till.我想你没有生病吧。2)将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看来他们不知道往哪去。Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。Idon'trememberhavingeverseensuchaman.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语having…)It'snotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)4)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone.(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.(否定because状语)他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatman'syoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty.(否定状语manyweeks)她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。九、高考热点透视1.名词性从句的语序名词性从句的语序均为陈述句语序，即主语在前，谓语在后的顺序1）当引导词在名词性从句中作主语或主语的定语时，用“引导词+名词+谓语动词”的语序，如：Idon’tknowwhathashap