高考英语二轮复习第三部分阅读理解专题四猜测词义类

二轮·英语1.Whichofthefollowingisthenearestinmeaningto“...”?2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword/sentencemeaninthelastparagraph?3.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“...”?4.Theunderlinedword“...”inthecontext/inParagraph...probablymeans.5.Theterm“...”canbebestreplacedby.6.Theword“...”probablyrefersto.7.Asusedintheline...,theword“...”refersto.8.Accordingtothepassage,theword“...”isknownas.专题四猜测词义类设问方式二轮·英语9.Theword/phrase“...”isclosestinmeaningto.10.Bysaying“...”,theauthormeans.11.Thepassageusestheword“...”toreferto.12.Thewords“...”inParagraph3probablyrefertopeoplewho.13.Inthelastparagraph“...”probablymeans.14.Accordingtotheauthor,theunderlinedword“...”means.15.Fromthecontext/passage,wecaninferthattheword“...”means.16.Whatdoesthe(underlined)word“...”referto?二轮·英语考点一猜测词义题【典例1】(2014辽宁,B片段)SituationⅣQ:IfIremembermyfriend’sbirthdayadaylate,shouldIapologizeorjustwishherahappybirthdaylikenothinghappened?A:Thisisthereasonwhythewordbelatedwasinvented.“Happybelatedbirthday!”isshortfor:“Well,IknowIforgot,butthenIremembered.Forgivemeandhappybirthday.”二轮·英语27.Theunderlinedword“belated”inSituationⅣprobablymeans.A.predictedB.returnedC.cancelledD.delayed剖析:D猜测词义题。根据SituationⅣ中的“IfIremembermyfriend’sbirthdayadaylate”(如果“我”晚一天才记起朋友的生日)可知,此处的belated应该与adaylate相关,根据构词法(be+late+d)也不难猜测出belated在意义上与delayed相近,故选D。二轮·英语名师在线利用构词法解答此类题目,首先要熟练掌握构词法的基本知识。英语中的构词法主要有三种,即复合法、派生法和转化法。而派生是很重要的一种方法,它是由词根、前缀和后缀组成的。词根是单词最重要的部分,表达单词的基本含义,在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀,可以用来引申或转变原词的意思。所以掌握各种词根、前缀、后缀等的基本含义,猜测所构成的新词含义就会事半功倍。另外还可利用带入验证法解题。高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义题主要集中在派生和合成两种形式上,对猜测的词义可带入句子进行验证,看是否符合语境,从而推测出答案。二轮·英语【典例2】(2015四川,D片段)Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeingmorenocturnal.DrDominonisaid,“InGlasgowwhereIlive,gullsareaseriousproblem.Ihavepeoplecomingtomesaying‘Youarethebirdexpert.Canyouhelpuskillthesegulls?’.Duringthebreeding(繁殖)season,betweenAprilandJune,theyareveryactiveatnightandverynoisyandpeoplecan’tsleep.”二轮·英语44.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nocturnal”inParagraph5mean?A.Activeatnight.B.Inactiveatnight.C.Activeduringtheday.D.Inactiveduringtheday.剖析:A词义猜测题。根据Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealso...以及...theyareveryactiveatnight...可以推断,这里的nocturnal应该表示“夜间活动的”。二轮·英语【典例3】(2015广东,D片段)ItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction.Eachclasshaduniquecharacteristics.Inrecentyears,manywritershavebeguntospeakofthe‘declineofclass’and‘classlesssociety’inBritain.Andinmoderndayconsumersocietyeveryoneisconsideredtobemiddleclass.Butpronouncingthedeathofclassistooearly.Arecentwide-rangingstudyofpublicopinionfound90percentofpeoplestillplacingthemselvesinaparticularclass;73percentagreedthatclasswasstillavitalpartofBritishsociety;and52percentthoughttherewerestillsharpclassdifferences.Thus,classmaynotbeculturallyandpoliticallyobvious,yetitremainsanimportantpartofBritishsociety.Britainseemstohavealoveofstratification.二轮·英语42.ThewordstratificationinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.A.varietyB.divisionC.authorityD.qualification剖析:B词义猜测题。根据本段提到大部分英国人认为英国社会还是存在阶级差别可知,此处应该是总结本段的主题,由此可推出画线词正是“划分,区分”之意。二轮·英语名师在线通过同义、反义关系猜测词义。在生词所在的上下文中,有时会出现与之同义或反义的词语,这时可根据熟悉的词语的含义推知生词的含义。二轮·英语【典例4】(2014江西,D片段)However,atthebackofthemindsofmanypeople,especiallythosewhomissthe“goodolddays”,efficiencycomeswithaprice.Whencommunicationbecomesmoreefficient,peopleareabletocontactoneanothernomatterwheretheyareandatwhatevertimetheywishto.Theclickofabuttonallowspeoplemilesaparttotalkorseeeachotherwithoutevenleavingtheirhomes.Withthecommunicationgadgets,suchasmobilephonesandipads,peopleoftendonottaketheefforttovisitoneanotherpersonally.Apersonalvisitcarrieswithittheadditionalfeatureofhavingtobeintheperson’spresenceforaslongasthevisitlasts.Wecannotunnecessarilyexcuseourselvesorturntheotherpersonoff.二轮·英语71.Theunderlinedword“gadgets”isclosestinmeaningto.A.toolsB.messagesC.barriersD.skills剖析:A猜测词义题。根据前文的Withthecommunication及后面的suchasmobilephonesandipads可知A项正确。二轮·英语【典例5】(2015江苏,D片段)Some2,500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.Thereweregreatcivilizations,splendidempires,butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwerebothtyrannies,oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.65.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tyrannies”inParagraph2referto?A.Countrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelp.B.Powerfulstateswithhighercivilization.C.Splendidempireswherepeopleenjoyfreedom.D.Governmentsruledwithabsolutepower.二轮·英语剖析:D词义猜测题。此类题目一定要结合上下文来解答,首先看画线词tyrannies的同位语oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses(一个很有权势的人统治一大群无助的人),再分析各选项含义可知D项“用绝对权力来统治的政府”与此意思相近。A项“人们需要帮助的国家”、B项“具有较高文明的强有力的国家”和C项“人们享有自由的伟大帝国”均与词义本身相差甚远。二轮·英语名师在线通过定义、解释和举例猜测词义。在一些文章中,特别是新闻报道及科普类说明文中,生词后面往往用thatis,mean,standfor,namely,referto,inotherwords等或破折号、冒号引出说明性的内容,有时也用同位语、定语从句进行解释说明。还有些文章经常用例子来说明前面较难理解的词,这些例子可帮助考生准确猜测生词。文章举例时,常常会用一些连接词,如:suchas,like,forexample等。二轮·英语【典例6】(2015新课标全国Ⅰ,C片段)Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作)withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida.31.Wha