钻石形超宽带天线设计与研究

西南交通大学本科毕业设计（论文）摘要近年来，微带天线由于其体积小、重量轻、制作简单和成本低等优点，引起了人们的广泛兴趣。但是微带天线的缺点也很明显，带宽窄、效率低，这时超宽带微带天线应运而出，通过对微带天线的优化，使其达到超宽带的要求，有效克服了天线带宽窄的问题。2002年，FCC公布了超宽带天线的通信标准：3.1GHz-10.6GHz。如今移动通信设备和终端呈现小型化的发展趋势，这更使得超宽带微带天线的研究与应用成为了当今的热点。超宽带技术具有很大的应用前景，可应用于无线通信、雷达、短距探测等。本文介绍了天线的基本电参数以及微带天线的馈电方式、辐射原理以及分析方法，并对矩形微带天线进行了仿真研究，研究了贴片长度和阻抗匹配器宽度对天线性能的影响；而由于研究的是超宽带天线，本文还对超宽带天线进行了简要的介绍和分析。本文的主要内容是设计一款钻石型超宽带天线并对其进行一定的优化，使其能满足超宽带的要求。首先，根据微带天线的基本理论，设计出了天线原型。接下来，分析了天线的接地板、辐射贴片、介质板的厚度对于天线性能的影响。最后分析和总结，完成天线的设计。完成的天线工作频带涵盖了整个UWB频段,并且带宽远比设计要求的要大得多，相对带宽达到130%，在此范围内天线的回波损耗低于-10dB，最大辐射方向的增益为4.24dB。关键词：微带天线;超宽带;钻石形超宽带天线西南交通大学本科毕业设计（论文）AbstractInrecentyears,becauseofitssmallsize,lightweight,simpleproductionandlowcost,themicrostripantennahasarousedpeople'swideinterests..Butthedisadvantageofthemicrostripantennaisobvious,forexmplenarrowbandwidth,lowefficiency,thenUltraWidebandMicrostripantennashouldbeshippedout,throughtheoptimizationofthemicrostripantenna,itmeettherequirementsofultrawideband,effectivelyovercomethedisadvantage，thenarrowbandwidthoftheantenna.In2002,FCCannouncedthecommunicationstandardsofUWBAntenna:3.1GHz-10.6GHz.Moilecommunicationequipmentandterminalsarepresentingatrendofminiaturization,whichmakestheresearchandapplicationofUWBmicrostripantennabecomeahotspottoday.UWBtechnologyhasgreatapplicationprospect,canbeusedinwirelesscommunication,radar,shortdetectionetc..Inthispaper,weintroducedtheantenna'sbasicelectricalparametersandthefeedmodeofmicrostripantenna,radiationtheoryandanalysismethod,thenweresearchthesimulationoftherectangularmicrostripantenna,researchpatchlengthandimpedancematchingdevicewidthontheperformanceoftheantenna;andbecauseitisthestudyofultrawidebandantenna.Thispaperalsointroducedandanalyzedultrawidebandantennabriefly.Themaincontentofthispaperistodesignadiamondtypeultrawidebandantennaandoptimizeit,sothatitcanmeettherequirementsofUWB..Firstly,accordingtothebasictheoryofmicrostripantenna,theantennaprototypeisdesigned.Next,theinfluenceoftheantenna'sgrounding,theradiationpatch,thethicknessofthedielectricplateontheantennaperformanceisanalyzed.Finally,thedesignoftheantennaisanalyzedandsummarized.CompleteantennaoperatingbandcoversthewholeUWBfrequencybandandbandwidthismuchlargerthandesignrequirements,relativebandwidthreaches130%.Withinthisrangeoftheantennareturnlossbelow-10dB,themaximumradiationdirectionofthegainis4.24dB.Keywords:microstripantenna;UWB;diamondshapedUWBantenna西南交通大学本科毕业设计（论文）目录第1章绪论...............................................................................................................................................11.1研究目的及其意义.....................................................................................................................11.2当今天线的研究方向.................................................................................................................21.3论文主要内容.............................................................................................................................31.4小结.............................................................................................................................................3第2章天线的理论基础.............................................................................................................................42.1天线的电参数.............................................................................................................................42.1.1方向图.............................................................................................................................42.1.2增益................................................................42.1.3输入阻抗.........................................................................................................................42.1.4频带宽度.........................................................................................................................52.1.5驻波比.............................................................................................................................52.2微带天线.....................................................................................................................................62.2.1微带天线概述.................................................................................................................62.2.2微带天线的馈电方式......................................................................................................72.2.3微带天线的辐射原理......................................................................................................82.2.4微带天线的分析方法.....................................................................................................92.3超宽带天线...............................................................................................................................122.3.1超宽带天线简介...........................................................................................................122.3.2超宽带无线通信的优势与缺点...................................................................................132.3.3超宽带天线的应用...............................................