错落有致的虚实-巴塞罗那保障性公寓设计

85shelteredhousingunitsforseniorandpublicfacilitiesbyGRND822016-04-18错落有致的虚实－巴塞罗那保障性公寓设计建筑Architecture关键词Keywords:apartmentbareclonaeco-buildingGRND82Spain公寓巴塞罗那生态建筑西班牙118查看相册ViewGallery非常感谢GRND82将以下内容授权gooood发行。更多关于他们：GRND82ongoooodAppreciationtowardsGRND82forprovidingthefollowingdescription:项目背景Preexistences本项目位于巴塞罗城北的一片坡地上，基底与“LaClota”公园的东北边缘相接，其一侧是50年代城郊化运动时建起的大片城市公寓和住宅，另一侧则是90年代奥运会建设的场馆和其他服务设施。梯形的场地在长边方向保持了大致的水平，而在短边方向则有3.5米的高差。建筑主体空间朝向东、南，向前眺望是“LaClota”公园以及其后巴塞罗那壮观的全景。6500平方米的社会福利保障住房将包括85间老年人公寓、4间拥有单独出入口的残障人士住房和28个车位。此外，公寓前还需建设一个占地2000平米的居民活动中心。Thesiteislocatedontheeastvertexof“LaClota”park,onthenorthedgeofBarcelona.It’slocatedinatransitionareawithaconsiderableslope,inbetweentheconsolidatedtissueofthecityandTibidabohillside,originallyoccupiedbyafewhousingblocksbuiltduringthemigratorymovementsofthe50’sandconsolidatedasafacilitiesareaduringthebeginningofthe90’sfortheolympicgames.Theplotisa3.500m2trapezoidalshapewitha3,5metersgapontheshortaxisandmainlyhoritzontalonthelongone.Ithasanexcellentsouth-eastorientationandithassomeimpressiveviewsofBarcelonawith“LaClota”parkinfirstterm.Theprojecthastosolveaprogramof6500m2ofsocialhousingwith85dwellingsforelderlypeople,4specialdwellingsforhandicappeople(withindependentaccess),andparkingspacefor28cars.Therearealso2000m2ofpublicfacilitieswithacivilcenter.▽环绕建筑的城市居民公寓和住宅，以及其前方的公园，housingblocksaroundthebuildingandthe“LaClota”tothesouth▽位于坡地上的建筑buildingontheslope设计策略Mainstrategies项目中超过90%的房间为东南朝向，充足光线照亮了室内空间，也减少了能源的浪费。单层的文化中心占据了场地的主要空间，以保证良好的采光以及和公园的紧密联系。仅有3层高的公寓建筑则沿场地的东侧和北侧边缘排列展开，与周边的住宅建筑在高度上保持协调。半下沉式的停车场和居民活动中心体量消解了场地中3.5米的高差。其屋顶被视作建筑的第五立面，灰白色的屋顶与旁边公园内的网球场地遥相呼应，完全开放的通透立面彰显着其公共属性，为整个社区带来源源不绝的活力。东南朝向的寓所、对流的通风系统，冬暖夏凉的大进深阳台，节水设备的使用和太阳能供水供热系统，建筑师采用了各种直接或间接的设计手段保证室内气候环境的稳定，减少能源的浪费。在经济条件并不宽裕的情况下，建筑师以简单的虚实空间对比，在立面上作出的丰富的变化。露台成为了公寓生活的重要组成部分，联系起居民和居民、建筑、城市的交流。▽建筑主体空间朝向东、南方，半下沉的停车场和社区中心消解了3.5米的高差，thebuildingisfacingsouthandeast,thetopographicalgapissolvedwiththeparkingspaceandtheciviccentervolume▽建筑的每个立面都可以接收到自然光的照射，建筑东北立面上的开窗，thebuildinglooksforthebestorientationforthedwellings，windowsonthenorth-eastfaçade▽建筑的西北立面和入口在下午处于阳光中，northeastfaçadeandentranceundersunshineinthelateafternoon▽建筑正立面，露台朝向东南与西南，terracesfacingsouthwestandsoutheast(1)Thebuildinglooksforthebestorientationforthedwellings.Over90%ofthedwellingsbenefitfromSouth-Eastorientation.Thatmeansagreatcomfortfortheinhabitantsandahighdegreeofenergysavingeitherinilluminationorclimatizationofthedwellings.(2)Thehousingunitsbarsareconcentratedonthenorthperimeteroftheplotsothemostofthelandit’savailabletobuildthecivilcenterasitkeepsthebestorientationandviews.Thebuildingkeepsalowprofileof3storiestointegrateintotheneighborhood.(3)Thetopographicalgapissolvedwiththeparkingspaceandtheciviccentervolume.It’sroofisunderstoodasafifthfaçadeofthebuilding.It’streatedwithapaintedtennis-quickfinishsimilartothesportivepavementusedintheurbanizationofthenearpark.Theciviccenteriscompletelyopenongroundfloorshowingit’spubliccharactertothestreet.Itbecomesanactivitygeneratorthatbringlifetoallthesurroundings.(4)Thebuildinghasamixofpassiveandactivesystemtoensureagoodclimaticbehaviorandenergysavingstrategies,suchasgoodsoutheastorientationfordwellings,crossventilation,deepterracesthatprotectsusersfromexcessivesunlightradiationinsummerbutactasenergyspacecollectorsonwinter,increasedinsulationonroofs,watermanagementstrategiesandacentralheatingandhotwaterproductionsystemwithsolarcontribution(35%ofCO2emissionsavings)(5)Thebuildingmakesanexerciseofeconomiccontainment.Whiteandvoidaretheonlymaterialsusedforthecompositionofthefacade.TakingadvantageofMediterraneanbenevolentclimaticconditionsterracesfunctionascondensersofactivityenhancingthesenseofcommunityoftheusers.Itistheplacewheredomesticandcivicactivitiesoccursandareshowntothecity.TheyarelikethecentralcourtyardofthehousesoftheAlgerianKashbabutplacedinaverticalplane.Thesize(2,5×2,5×2,5)ofthosevoidsgoesbeyondthescaleofhousingunitsandspeaksonalevelclosertothescaleofthebuildingandthecity.Eachusertakespossessionofitsownplaceinadifferentway.Thesetofallthosedifferentactionsandactivitiesareintegratedintothebuildingvolumeduetotheinnerpositionoftheterrace.Therepetitionofthevoidturnsthefacadeintoachesstexture.Thewhitebackgroundunifiesitallasdoesthesnowfallenonthelandscape.▽灰白色的建筑第五立面－屋顶和城市，rooffaçadeandthesurroundingcity建筑公寓单元Typology:Housingunit相同的45平米公寓单元占据了建筑的大部分空间，走道的尽头则是竖向交通空间或少量平面经过调整的公寓。柱网结构根据公寓尺寸，采取了7×5.5米的跨度。柱子后退立面2.5米，避免热量通过结构传递出去。公寓走廊、入口、浴室、厨房和更衣室位于北侧，而更需要自然光线的起居和卧室空间则位于南侧。冰箱划分了厨房和起居空间，同时也留出了餐桌的用地。大进深的露台挡去了夏天直射室内的炎热阳光，同时保证了视线上的畅通。卧室空间与起居成对角线方向错位布置，仿佛室内空间的室外延伸部分，两个空间相对独立，使用起来也更加舒适宽敞。Theprojectissolvedmajorlywiththerepetitionofa45m2unit.Theendingsofthebuildingaresolvedeitherwithverticalcommunicationsorwithasecondunittypewithitsownparticularconditions.Thestructuredrawsaregulargridof7×5.5mthatfitsthesizeoftheunit.Thepillarsareretreated2,5mfromthefacadetoavoidthermallosesthroughthestructure.Theprogramisdisposedthroughtheclimaticrecognitionofthesite:Theservicesareas(corridor(5),maintenance(6),bath(7),kitchen(8)anddres