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光学设计光学系统的特性参数:••象差:初始结构参数,象差校正'',/,2fDf光学设计中的P.W法•一、光学系统的基本象差参量及规化•已知,相互位置,初级象差由确定。•求解过程••确定结构参数内部参数•外部参数•规定•令•(规化条件)'f,zhh.PW,,,.(,,,)zzhhJPWhhJ'',,,/lfWDf.(..)PWrdn''1110,1,1,1kuhfu:PW..rdnr.d.n3、物体在有限远时uuh03()pph02()h1.对物体位置的规化A点:,AAPWB点:,BBPW'212[4()]2(32)2(2)BAAAkABAPPWhuuhWWhuB在无限远'2111[4()]2(32)(2)AAAAkAAAPPuWhuuhWWuhu求任意物面位置B的参量'2111[4()]2(32)(2)BBAAkABBPPuWhuuhWuuhu•三、薄透镜组的象差参量•将P.W规化为P.W•将P.W规化为•由规化下的求P.W•规化下的基本象差.PW.PW2111(41)(32)(2)PpuWuuWWuu.(..)PWrdn四、用P,W,C表示的初级象差系参量和初级象差4313322222322324232252112223(3)zzzzzzzShPShhPJhWShhPJhhWJSJhShhPJhWJuhChCChhC双胶合透镜组的和与结构参数的关系一、求解方程•给定求找结构参数•结构参数•规化条件.PW1C''1,,/,,,hfDfPWC1,,PWC,()(1)、阿贝零不变量(2)、与结构参数的关系1,,PWC1211221122'111'222'3'1''3'1'211222211222332112222111()1(1)1(1)()()11()()112(1)CrrrCrrruQnuQnuuuuPnnnnuuuuWnnnnPAQBQCWKQCAaaBbbCccP1122331122112122222121213131(1)(1)anananbnbnncnncn200002001000200222020()()4211234()(1)4(1)2.350.850.85(0.1)0.85(0.2)PAQQPuQQWBPCABQAQBAWKQLQAPPWWAAPAAPPPWPPW(火石玻璃)(冕光玻璃)•(1)、由求•(2)、由求找玻璃组合找•(3)、求形状参数•(4)、由求•(5)、时,.PW0P01,PC1000,,,QPWQ0000PPQQAWWQQKQ1ρ1,ρ2,ρ3ρ1,ρ2,ρ3单薄透镜的与结构参数的关系•看作双胶透镜的特例1,,PWC•单透镜各参数222000020020200022331,,1(1)111,1()()()9[1]4(1)4(2)322(1)(2)12(2)411(1)(1)nabcnnnKlnnPaQbQcWKQlPaQQPWKQQWPPPWWbnPcannbnQannWKQlnnPan•选玻璃为定值000,,PQu及P12min1221min011(2)11[1][(12)](1)2(1)()22WWunPPWunnunPPun用P.W法求解简单物镜的结构方法•(1)、小视场、大孔径、球差、正弦差、位置色差(双胶、双分离)•(2)、用PW方法解出双胶,双分离物镜的初始结构(薄变厚)象差的微量校正•例1:设计一个焦距为1000mm,相对孔径1:16的望远物镜,象高,令物镜框为孔阑(尺寸为mm)'13.6ymm'''1000/1/1613.6fmmDfy选型•视场范围小(),孔径角()•校正:球差、正弦差、轴向色差,由选双胶合22u'/Df确定基本象差参量•球差•正弦差•位置色差'''1''2102KKLLlSnu''''1''102SKZZKKKSCYySnu'''1''210FCFCKKlllCnu求的极小值P0P20020(),0.8500.85(00.1)0.00850.1PPPWWPP0令W由求玻璃组合01,PC9120730320920001,0,0.038.,0.012.,0.029.,0.0383194.2840740.060992.0094042.44,1.72KCZFPKZFPKZFPKZFPQWAK求形状系数Q0000000,4.2840740.06099PPQQAWWQQKPPQQWW求透镜各面的曲率ρ1ρ2ρ3求薄透镜各面的曲率半径及象差ρ1ρ2ρ3f’2薄变厚•凸透镜•凹透镜37614dtDdtD821640.03dtDdtDdD•例:设计一个焦距为1000mm,相对孔径1:16的望远物镜,象高,令物镜框为孔阑(尺寸为mm)'13.6ymm'''1000/1/1613.6fmmDfy〔一〕、查光学设计手册•,校正球差、正弦差•轴向位置色差、双胶22u〔二〕、确定基本象差参量•球差•正弦差•位置色差•基本象差参量'''1''2102KKLLlSnu''''1''102SKZZKKKSCYySnu'''1''210FCFCKKlllCnu0,0PW〔三〕、求的极小值〔四〕、由查表,求玻璃组合,配对01.PC92.KZF〔五〕、求形状系数Q0000000,4.2840740.06099PPQQAWWQQKPPQQWW〔六〕、求透镜各面的曲率半径ρ2ρ1ρ3〔七〕、求薄透镜各面的曲率半径及象差ρ1ρ2ρ3〔八〕、薄透镜的结构参数及象差•外径•内参数0.0136tg,500ZLhL〔九〕、求厚透镜各面的厚度•(1)、•(2)、光学零件的中心厚度与边缘厚度的确定•正透镜:高精度•中精度•负透镜:高精度•中精度•凸透镜的边缘厚度:最小•最小中心厚度•凹透镜••最小中心厚度''1000,/1/10,100fDfD37dtD614dtD82,0.05dtDdD164,0.05dtDdD21dtxx32810Dxxt32dtxxt=(D+3x2+x1)/10•例2.设计一个的平行光管,,物镜框作为孔阑,用PW方法,求其初始解'1000fmm'/1/12,21.50Df〔一〕、选型•视场小,相对孔径不大,校轴上象差,球差,正弦差,位置色差,选双分离。〔二〕、确定基本象差参量•球差•正弦差•位置色差'12''2'121()20,0lhPPnulPP'212'1211()220,0CSWWJCWW'12'''12'12121()20,0FCFClnuhrrlrr〔三〕、选玻璃材料•一般用双胶物镜的玻璃组合•原则:•正透镜低色散•负透镜高色散,nr大,nr小〔四〕、解结构参数•(1)、由消色差条件92,KF•(2)、n=1,对透镜象差参量进行规化11331111112111122223322222222222222222222.35662,()()1.35662()()2(41)(3)1(2)lPPhPPWWhWPPPh•(3)、由象参求形状系数12,QQ211111111112222222222222111122221122311132223111322221222311122222112212233211221204,1(2)PaQbQcWkQlPaQbQcWkQlPaQbQaQbQcWkQkQlAaAaBbBbkkkkkLllnCcc221222(41)(3)lQQn•查表,的值92,KF111112222212121222121,,,,,,,,3.03503,5.5929376.048,40.32859.21625,2.9805322.13632,0.51064,0.51064abcklabcklAABBkkLCkQQQk•(4)、由形状系数求球面半径•由消色差分配ρ2ρ2ρ2ρ1ρ1•第二块透镜的球面半径42'42342'23310.51016410.489836737.126110.4898362.12168511.61284737.126747.4242.121685lQfrPPnfrP•〔五〕、象差计算0.0131,40,0Ztglhmml''''0.7''0.7''0.71000.42,0.0399930.01538,0.003790.00003,0.000010.00001,0.00001kmhmhFCMFChfullscscWW•例3、设计一个共轭距离为195mm,垂轴放大率为-3倍,数值孔径为0.1的显微物镜,物镜框为孔阑,物高为1mm,用PW方法求其初解,并进行象差校正。〔-〕列方程组•解出''''3195111llllllf''36.562548.75144.25fll〔二〕、选型,确定基本象差量•校正球差、正弦差、位置色差、选双胶型2,NA11111'11111232211110,0,0sin0.1sin0.10.10.03333330.10.750.1333300()0()(41)(52)00.750.5625(520.7)2.85(2)2.025sCPWNAnuuuuuuuhCCnPPnPWWnPPPuWuuWWuu〔三〕、选择玻璃•由选玻璃•双胶2200.85(0.2)2.850.85(2.0250.2)0.01896875PPW01,PC33,FQK1000121.0958082.46222025.3831565.444751.7311109.1596555.1545260.0256700.2766020.8216321.61641.4874ABCKLQPWPnn〔四〕求形状系数Q00002.850.025675.1545262.4622204.2835140.2255384.1214334.08351412QQPPQWWQQQA或或〔五〕、由Q求透镜各面曲率ρ1ρ2ρ3〔六〕计算各面曲率半径'11'22'3336.562530.21871.20995136.562512.237652.98770636.562527.862051.312269frfrfr〔七〕、象差计算1111,42.75sin0.1,0.001zyLuL''3''0.7''0.70.736.56250.033334.209611.157020.001260.000390.000
本文标题:光学设计pw法及例子课件4
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