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遗尿遗尿(原发性/继发性遗尿)定义Terminology流行病学Epidemiology病因/发病机制Etiologies/Pathogenesis是否需要治疗?Needmedicalattention–why?临床评估和治疗方法Clinicalassessmentandtreatment我们以往工作experienceinCHFU定义遗尿俗称“尿床”,是一种不随意的排尿,临床上系指睡眠时不自觉地排尿于床上。分类原发性遗尿症尿床从出生开始,其中不尿床的时间不超过6个月。继发性遗尿症有过大于6个月的无尿床后,出现尿床。分类夜间遗尿症日间遗尿症混合性遗尿症单纯性遗尿症复杂性遗尿症原发性夜间遗尿症(PNE)大于5岁的儿童,自出生起发生的夜间尿床,每周尿床大于2次,不伴有器质性疾病和其他泌尿系统症状。InternationalChildren’sContinenceSocietyMNEstandardisationdocumentAnattempttoreachaconsensusonrecommendedevaluationandtreatmentofchildrenwithmonosymptomaticnocturnalenuresis,basedontheevidenceandexperienceavailablein2009ICCSwebsite:’sContinenceSociety(ICCS).NevéusT,EggertP,EvansJ,MacedoJrA,RittigS,TekgülS,VandeWalleJ,YeungCK,RobsonL.2009Terminology定义IncontinenceUncontrollableleakageofurineContinous/intermittentDaytime/nightime/sleepingEnuresisIntermittenturinaryincontinencewhileasleepinachildatleastfiveyearsofagePrimaryHasneverbeencontinuallydryformorethan6monthsSecondaryTerminology定义MonosymptomaticnocturnalenuresisEnuresisinachildwithoutanyotherlowerurinarytractsymptomsNonmonosymptomaticnocturnalenuresisEnuresisinachildwithLUTsympotmse.g.urgency,frequency,daytimeincontinence......BUTPathogenesis,evaluationandtreatmentoverlapbetweenMNEandNMNE遗尿发病率NocturnalEnuresisEpidemiologyPNE流行病学特征原发性遗尿症(PNE)在儿童和青少年中常见–15%ataged5–10%ataged7–7%ataged10–1.5-2%adults自发缓解率-15%peryear随着年龄的增长–Prevalencedecreases–FrequencyandseverityincreasesThosewithseverePNEismorelikelytohavepersistentproblemsinadulthood?SeverityofPNEinHKSchoolChildrenYeungetal.BJUInt2006;97:1069–1073小儿遗尿症问卷调查结果上海2000年静安、徐汇、卢湾7所小学年龄(岁)遗尿人数(人)问卷人数(人)患病率(%)667470.87138781.48877120.989910020.90101312681.0总数4846071.04其他报道目前我国还未有过大规模的遗尿患病率调查多局限在省内(如河南、山东)儿童遗尿症的高发年龄段为5-12岁患病率差异大的原因对遗尿的定义分类不统一采取的标准不统一年龄段的选择不同人口组成差异、文化差异及对遗尿认识、重视度的差异等遗尿的病因和发病机制遗尿(原发性/继发性遗尿)定义Terminology流行病学Epidemiology病因/发病机制Etiologies/Pathogenesis是否需要治疗?Needmedicalattention–why?临床评估和治疗方法Clinicalassessmentandtreatment我们以往工作Shanghaiexperience病因/发病机制高睡眠唤醒域夜间膀胱容量减少夜间多尿遗传尽管夜间膀胱充盈或逼尿肌收缩仍不能醒来inabilitytowakeupfromsleepdespitenocturnalbladder(over)fillingand/ornocturnaldetrusorcontractions发病机制遗传因素过深的睡眠夜间尿量增加和ADH的分泌减少夜间膀胱容量减少、夜间逼尿肌收缩行为心理因素??遗传丹麦基因研究中心遗尿基因:第13对染色体父母双方均有PNE70%父母一方有PNE40%睡眠1950年Strom-Olsom提出遗尿发生在深睡期或一个睡眠时相转入另一个时相时近期研究可发生于任何一个睡眠时相临床观察睡眠过深不易唤醒SleepArousalMostparentsdeeplybelievetheirenureticchildrenare“deepsleepers”;theyarethefirsttosuggestthiscauseConflictingresultonpolysomnography(donotcorrelatewitharousability)–NodifferencesSleep.25:579-583–SubtlechangesofdeepersleepScandJUrolNephrol2000.34:294-302HKenureticchildrenhadmoresuperficialsleepbutdidnotwakeupbeforevoidingYeungetal.NEnglJMed2008:358:2414-2415夜间尿量增加夜间抗利尿激素分泌不足对精氨酸加压素(DDAVP)不敏感夜间多尿结果有争议ConflictingresultsDDAVPrespondershavemoreurinethancontrolduringwetnightsScanJUrolNephrol1995;S173:77-79UnselectedenureticchildrendidnotuniformlyshownocturnalpolyuriaJPediatr.2007;151:574-580NocturnalurineproductionisgreateronwetnightsthandrynightssuggestingafluctuatingphenomenonofthecircadiandefectScandJUrolNephrol.1997;183:25IncreasedsoluteexcretionmayalsocausenocturnalpolyuriaandnotrespondingtoDDAVPJUrol.2007;178:1048-1052夜间膀胱容量下降Conflictingresult–Smallfunctionalbladdercapacityvs.normalConstipation–20-75%–Underreportedbyparents–Reliefofconstipationresultedin63%remissionPediatrics.1997;100:228-232–Mechanicalimpact?–Nocturnalcolonicmovementstimulatedetrusorcontraction?–QuiteoftencoexistwithdetrusoroveractivityCystitis夜间膀胱容量下降DetrusoroveractivityinPNEadults30PNEadultsinHK–53%significantreducedbladdercapacity300ml–93%detrusoroveractivity–73%functionalbladderoutflowobstruction–6.7%urethrallesioncausingobstructionYeungetal.JUrol.2004;171:2595-259820PNEadults(19nobladdersymptoms)–50%detrusoroveractivity–40%hypocompliance–5%detrusor-sphincterdyssynergy–50%noabnormalityUrology.2004;64:1020-1025行为心理因素家长的态度自尊心受伤害自我评价低社会交往障碍遗尿遗尿(原发性/继发性遗尿)定义Terminology流行病学Epidemiology病因/发病机制Etiologies/Pathogenesis是否需要治疗?Needmedicalattention–why?临床评估和治疗方法Clinicalassessmentandtreatment我们以往工作experienceinCHFU复旦大学小儿遗尿诊治中心2001年成立(肾内科,泌尿外科,中医科)2005年四周年庆“儿童遗尿症的防治策略”的公益课堂儿童遗尿症学术研讨会浙江省温州医学院附属儿童医院广东中山市妇儿医院江苏省无锡市儿童医院浙江省宁波市妇幼医院南京军区解放军总医院儿科徐州医学院附属医院儿科上海市儿童医学中心DDAVP治疗遗尿门诊随访中药治疗遗尿门诊随访Alarm健康宣教2009第二届全国小儿遗尿研讨会2009.12上海香港玛嘉烈医院吴辉娥医师澳大利亚悉尼儿童医院的GadKainer教授复旦大学附属儿科医院的毕允力教授遗尿发病机制和诊疗进展儿童多尿和夜尿问题尿流动力学检查去氨加压素治疗儿童原发性遗尿症近期疗效观察(安徽省立儿童医院肾内科董扬等)儿童遗尿症184例临床分析(广东省中山市博爱医院儿科刘玉玲等)倡议进一步加强重视儿童遗尿症,提出全国儿童遗尿症患病率调查计划问卷调查(2000年4-11月上海静安、徐汇、卢湾区7所小学,4607人,年龄6-10岁)PNE患儿尿流率分析检测PNE患儿尿液AQP2水平,探讨反映PNE水平衡紊乱的无创的临床检测方法随机对照评价DDAVP和生物反馈治疗效果了解PNE儿童自我意识评估的状况以及遗尿治疗对于患儿自我评价的影响复旦大学小儿遗尿诊治中心近年工作小儿遗尿症问卷调查结果2000年静安、徐汇、卢湾7所小学年龄(岁)遗尿人数问卷人数患病率(%)667470.87138781.48877120.989910020.90101312681.0总数4846071.04236例原发性遗尿症儿童尿流率分析复旦大学附属儿科医院遗尿诊治中心研究背景原发性遗尿症儿童存在不同程度的尿动力学异常–Yeung:33/95例白天尿动力学检查正常而夜晚熟睡时逼尿肌不稳定和功能性膀胱容量减小,62/95例出现白天尿动力学检查异常--BJUInt,2002,90(3):302-307–文建国:60%遗尿患儿发生不同程度的膀胱功能
本文标题:遗尿的病因和发病机制
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