语言与文化.

TheContrastiveAnalysisofChineseandEnglishDishNamesandItsTranslationNamingMethodsofDishNamesTechniquesofTranslationChineseDishNamesTheRepresentationsandReasonsoftheDietCulturalDifferencesAsimilarity–basedanalysisofdishnamesGoodwishdishnameReligiousdishnameHistoricaldishnameSimilarityincolorSimilarityinshapeSimilarityinfunctionSimilarityinframeAprofile-basedanalysisofdishnamesMaterialPeopleCookingmethodcontainerAudio-visualeffectmannereffectReligiousDishNamesChinese:八仙过海闹罗汉（asoupwithassortedseafood,hamandchicken)English:Angel’scakeDevil’sfoodcakeSimilarityinShapeLeadustomapknowledgeaboutthefirstimageontoknowledgeaboutthedishE.g.Chinese:七星鱼丸汤（asoupwithwhitefishballs,whichlookslikestarsinthesky)冬瓜菊（whitegourdinshapeofdaisy)English:flatiron(thebigandwell-cookedsteakislikeaflatpieceofiron)Porcupinemeatballs(onionshredsonmeatballsarelikestinginghairofporcupine)CookingMethodChinese:红烧猪肉（braisedpork)烤乳猪（roastedsucklingpig)English:beefcarbonnade(beeftoastedovercarbon)People•Favoredbycertaincelebritiesandbecomepopularafterwards•MadeforbignamesandsubsequentlygainpopularityamongpopulaceE.g.Chinese:贵妃鸡（chickenwingsandlegsbraisedinbrownsauce)东坡肉（slowbraisedporkbelly）English:senatebeansoupVegetarianstirfriesElementsprofiledChinese/percentageEnglish/percentageMaterial49.28%38.22%People3.57%17.86%CookingMethod23.21%28.21%Container3.21%4.64%Audio-visualeffect11.79%8.57%EatingManner0.36%1.07%EatingEffect8.57%1.43%TechniquesofTranslationofChineseDishNamesContents•Metaphrase（直译）•Freetranslation•Metaphrasesupplementedbyexplanationorparaphrase•Transliteration•Transliterationsupplementedbyexplanationorparaphrase•OmissionMetaphrase•Theword-for-wordrenderingofatextfromonelanguageintoanother.•香椿豆腐tofuwithChinesetoon•冬笋牛肉丝friedbeefshredswithbambooshoots•Thefirstcondition•cookingmethodarepresentedinthetranslationintheformofpastparticiple+headword.•铁烧牛扒grilledbeefsteak•清蒸甲鱼steamedturtle•Thesecondcondition•thedishhasmorethanoneingredient•cookingmethod+mainingredient+with/inminoringredient(配料)•炖栗子鸡stewedchickenwithchestnuts•香菇蒸鸡steamedchickenwithmushrooms•Thethirdcondition•thedisheshavesomesaucesorseasonings•cookingmethod+ingredient+with/insauceorseasoning•茄汁牛肉片friedslicedbeefwithtomatosauce•Thefourthcondition•thedishisnamedafteraplacename•placename+headwordorplacename+cookingmethod+headword•北京烤鸭BeijingroastduckThefifthconditiontheChinesedishnameshavethecontainer'snameinit,suchasclaypot(瓦罐)minpot(锅仔)ironplate(铁板)casserole(砂锅)cookingmethod+ingredient+in/oncontainer瓦罐山珍mushroomsinclaypot铁板牛柳vealslicesfriedonironplateFreeTranslation•Usingfreetranslation,thetranslatorcanalwaystranslatemeaningattheexpenseoforiginalimage,sincealiteraltranslationoftheimagemaycausemisunderstanding.•狮子头meansmeatballsrantherthanlionheadbraisedmeatballswithbrownsauce•霸王别姬（甲鱼烧鸡块）broiledchickencutletswithturtleMetaphrasesupplementedbyexplanationorparaphrase•Insomecases,bothmetaphraseandfreetranslationareprovedineffectiveintranslatingChinesedishnames.•E.g.叫花鸡canbetranslatedintobeggar'schicken(legendary)•东坡肉：poetDongpo'sbraisedpork——createdbythefamouspoetSuDongpointheSongDynastyTransliteration•Meanstheconversionofatextfromonelanguagetoanotherbykeepingtheoriginalpronunciation.•Forexample,somewesternfoodshavebeentransliteratedwhentheyenteredtheChinesemarket,suchas肯德基forKentucky,三明治forsandwich,沙拉forsalad.•Therefore,thismethodcanalsobeusedtotranslatesomeChinesedishnames,especiallytraditionalChinesefoodnameslikeJiaozi(饺子），Zongzi（粽子），Guotie（锅贴）TransliterationsupplementedbyexplanationorparaphraseForsomeChinesefood,transliterationaloneisnotenough.forexample,if“佛跳墙”istranslatedintoFotiaoqiang,thetranslationismeaningless.E.g.佛跳墙：Fotiaoqiang(stewedsharkfinswithassortedseafood)Omission•Byomission,wemeanthatsomeinsignificantwordsorexpressionsintheoriginalcanbeomittedforsakeofbrevityandclarity.Forexample:莲子薏米炖鸭汤ducksoupwithlotusseedsandbarleyTheEmbodimentsandReasonsoftheCateringCulturalDifferencesTheEmbodimentsoftheCateringCulturalDifferences•1Namingmethodsofdishes•2Diningtablesandtablewares•3Standardofthebeauty•4Rawmaterial•5Knifeskills•6Processofdieting•7Speedofdieting•8Culinaryart•......TheDiningTablesChineseroundtable&WesternsquaretableTablewaresTypicalrepresentative:ChinesechopsticksWesternknife,fork,scoopTableTypicalRepresentativeFeaturesoftheTablewaresChineseroundchopstickssimple(bowl,dish,chopsticks,scoop,goblet)madeupoftheceramic(陶瓷)Westernsquareknife,fork,scoopcomplicated(fivecategories:silverware,porcelain瓷器,glassware,dish,kitchenutensils厨房用具)TheReasons•1.Thetraditionalculture•2.Theethniccharacter•3.Thegeographicalenvironment•4.Thereligiousbelief1.ThetraditionalcultureChineseTable:entirety,unityandharmony,thebeautyofreunion.Tablewares:agriculturalculture,vegetariandiet.WesternTable:individualism,advocatingfreedomandcompetition.Tablewares:nomadicculture游牧文化,meatdiet2.TheethniccharacterChineseTable:Moderation中庸的,sophisticated圆滑的.Tablewares:implicit,dexterous灵巧的,introverted内向的.WesternTable:committedtothespecification,highlyprincipled.Tablewares:outgoing,strengthful,straightfor