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被动语态的译法YinXiaohongexerciseTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandpayattentiontotheitalicwords.1.ThePresidencyisaneighteen-centuryinvention.2.Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.3.Shetriestocalmherdaughterwithafaintsmileandgentlecaressofherhair.Reference1.总统的职位是在18世纪创立的。2.他身体虽弱,但心智健全。3.她淡淡地微笑着,温柔地抚摸着女儿的头发,让她安静下来。ContentsTranslationSkill(4)---被动语态的译法研究生入学考试英语翻译真题(2008-2012)被动语态的译法译成汉语的被动句:1.被、给VitaminCisdestroyedwhenitisoverheated.维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。Attheendofthemonthhewasfiredforhisincompetence.月底,他因不能胜任工作而被解雇了。Iftheschemeisdisapproved,workontheprojectwillstopimmediately.如果方案被否决,这项工程将立即停工。2.遭,受Alotofhousesweredamagedintheearthquake.地震时许多房子遭到破坏。Ourforeignpolicyissupportedbythepeopleallovertheworld.我们的外交政策受到全世界人民的支持。Hewassetuponbytwomaskedmen.他遭到了两个蒙面人的袭击。Everyonewasfedupwithhergossip.人人都受够了她的流言蜚语。3.为/被…(所)Allthebuildingsweredestroyedinabigfire.所有的建筑物均为一场大火所焚毁。Oncethemenhadbeenacceptedbytheorganization,theywerebroughttoBrussels.这些人一旦被组织所接受,就被送到布鲁塞尔去。4.由Earlyfiresontheearthwerecertainlycausedbynature,notbyMan.地球上早期的火一定是由大自然而非人类引燃的。HeadsoffederaldepartmentsarenamedbythePresident,andjudgesareeitherelecteddirectlybythepeopleorareappointedbyelectedofficials.联邦政府各部部长由总统任命,法官由人民直接选举,或者由当选的官员任命。由于在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态,初学翻译的人会简单地认为,在英译汉时,只要按照原句的语态处理就行了。事实并非如此,被动语态的使用频度在英语中要远远高于汉语。被动含义在英语中往往只能用被动语态来表示,而汉语的表达方式则要灵活、丰富得多。如果一味按照英语的语态来翻译,往往会使译文显得十分别扭,带有明显的翻译腔,甚至出现文理不通的情况。译成汉语的主动句1.保留原主语,被动改主动(41-42)TheattitudetowardmanuallaborisseeninmanyaspectsofAmericanlife.对体力劳动的这一态度反映在美国人生活的诸多方面。NowmanyplantshavebeendispersedtootherpartsoftheUnitedStates.现在许多的工厂已分散到美国的其他地方。Thenewswaspassedonbywordofmouth.众口相传,消息不胫而走。TheUniversityofSanFranciscoislocatedneartheGoldenGatePark.旧金山大学位于金门公园附近。Everymomentofeveryday,energyisbeingtransformedfromoneformintoanother.每时每刻,能量都在从一种形式转变为另一种形式。Nuclearpower'sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation.核能对健康、安全,甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用“辐射”这个词来概括。Thesenseofinferioritythatacquiredinhisyouthhasneverbeentotallyeradicated.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感还远远没有完全消除。2.无施动者的被动句见课本42Solutiontotheproblemwasultimatelyfound.这一问题的解决办法终于找到了。Hewasassassinatedinatheatrelastnight.他昨晚在一家剧院遇刺身亡。Theapplicationofcomputersshouldbepaidenoughattentionto.计算机的应用应予以足够的重视。3.译成汉语无主句见课本42-43Theunpleasantnoisemustbeimmediatelyputanendto.必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪声。Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeople,especiallythedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabitofsmoking.应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害,特别是吸烟上瘾后的可怕后果。Attentionhasbeenpaidtothenewmeasurestopreventcorruption.已经注意到需采取防止腐败的新措施。Manystrangenewmeansoftransporthavebeendevelopedinourcentury,thestrangestofthembeingperhapsthehovercraft.在我们这个世纪内研制了很多新奇的交通工具,其中最奇特的也许就是气垫船。4.受动者+被动式谓语+受动者=施动者+主动式谓语+受动者见课本43-44Wearekeptstrongandwellbycleanair.洁净的空气使我们身体健康。Largequantitiesofsteamarerequiredbymodernindustry.现代工业需要大量蒸汽。补“大家”,“人们”,“有人”等词Ifyouareaskedpersonalquestions,youneednotanswerthem.如果有人问起你的私事,你尽可以不回答。Yet,whatwesayherewillnotbelongremembered.人们不会长久地记住我们在这里所说的话。Itwouldbeastonishingifthatlosswasnotkeenlyfelt.如果大家没有强烈地感到损失,那倒是奇怪了。MoreexamplesItcouldbearguedthattheradioperformsthisserviceaswell,butontelevisioneverythingismuchmoreliving,muchmorereal.可能有人会指出,无线电广播同样也能做到这一点,但电视屏幕上的节目更为生动和真实。Anditisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocessesofthescientists,andthattheyhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspecialtraining.(93年考题)许多人认为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比,而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。5.判断句见课本44Thehousewasbuiltofwoodin1985.这所房子是1985年用木头修建的。ThecreditsysteminAmericawasfirstadoptedbyHarvardUniversityin1872.美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。其他ItishopedthatItisreportedthatItissaidthatItissupposedthatItmustbeadmittedthatItmustbepointedoutthatItwillbeseenfromthisthatItisassertedthatItisbelievedthatItisgenerallyconsideredthatItiswellknownthatItwillbesaidthatItwastoldthat考研真题--2008年Darvinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheintellect,andmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.达尔文认为,对(音乐和绘画方面)兴趣的丧失,失去的不仅仅是一种乐趣,而且可能会伤害到智力,更有甚者还可能伤害到道德。2009年Wearethusledtodistinguish,withinthebroadeducationalprocesswhichwehavebeensofarconsidering,amoreformalkindofeducation,--thatofdirecttuitionorschooling.因此,到目前为止我们都在思考这种广泛的教育过程,从而促使我们去区别一种更为正规的教育,即直接教导或学校教育。2010年InEurope,whereforestryisecologicallymoreadvanced,thenoncommercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofnativeforestcommunity,tobepreservedassuch,withinreason.在欧洲,林业在生态方面更加发达,无商业价值的树种被看作是原生森林群落的一部分,而得到合理的保护。2011年However,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,andwhilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:“WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat?”尽管我们可能有仅仅凭借意识就能够保持控制的错觉,但实际上我们却一直面临着这样一个问题:“为什么我不能完成这样或那样的事情?”2011年Infact,circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeen“wronged”thenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.环境似乎是为了选出强者,如果我们总感觉“上天不公”,那么我们就不太可能会有意识地努力脱离现状。2012年Thesecond,byJoshuaGreenberg,takesamoreempiricala
本文标题:课件5_被动语态的译法
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