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1英国文学史资料BritishWritersandWorks一.Anglo-SaxonperiodBeowulf贝奥武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsEpic:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.(主题严肃,语言庄重)e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdysseyArtisticfeatures:1.Usingalliteration(押头韵)(该文最大修辞特点,每行第一个词辅音韵)Definitionofalliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound(辅音)2.Usingmetaphor(暗喻,隐喻)andunderstatementDefinitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideas二.TheMiddleAges(MedievalAges)GeofferyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(JohnDryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(英雄双韵体)bymiddleEnglish代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》《TheCanterburytales》。Itis____alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensive(综合的,广泛的)realisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.(A)A.GeoffreyChaucerB.MatinLutherC.WilliamLanglandD.JohnGowerwritingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.①TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集:firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(英雄双韵体)bymiddleEnglish②TroilusandCriseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③TheHouseofFame声誉之宫MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:Romance(传奇故事)Famousthree:KingArthurSirGawainandtheGreenKnightBeowulf2三.TheRenaissancePeriodkeyword:humanism(Bacon,Shakespeare,Marlowe)Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.Renaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology(占星术/学、星座)2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekcultureThemostfamousdramatists:ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeareBenJohnson.1FrancisBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626(散文之父)ThefirstEnglishessayist.(哲学家、散文家;在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。)Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.①TheAdvancementofLearning学术的推进②Essays随笔(famousquotas:Ofstudies)ThethemeofOfStudies:usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.2ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595“UniversityWits”(大学才子派),thepioneerofEnglishdrama(完善了无韵体诗。)Blankverse:writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.(不押韵的抑扬格五音步)Marlowegavenewvigorto____withhis“mightylines”(D)A.thePetrarchansonnetB.sestinaC.terzarimaD.blankverse①TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus浮士德博士的悲剧(根据德国民间故事书写成)②Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝③TheJewofMalta马耳他的犹太人33WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616①Historicalplays:HenryVI;HenryIV:RichardIII;HenryV;RichardII;HenryVIII②FourComedies:AsYouLikeIt皆大欢喜;TwelfthNight第十二夜;AMidsummerNight’SDream仲夏夜之梦;MerchantOfVenice威尼斯商人③FourTragedies:Hamlet哈姆莱特;Othello奥赛罗;KingLear李尔王;Macbeth麦克白④ShakespeareSonnet:154TheSonnetsThreequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefggAsonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.4.BenJonson①ComedyofHumours②Volpone,orthefox狐狸5EdmundSpenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。)Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbeyWhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthereasonforthatEdmundSpenserisfamousfor“thepoet’spoet”?(B)A.Spenser’sidealismB.hisstruggleforcriteriaC.hisloveofbeautyD.hisexquisitemelody①TheFaerieQueene仙后(forQueenElizabeth)Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.Artisticfeatures:1.UsingSpenserianStanzaDefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.②TheShepherdsCalendar牧人日历ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.③Amoretti爱情小唱6ThomasMore托马斯•莫尔1478~1535Utopia乌托邦4四.RevolutionandRestoration(资产阶级革命与王朝复辟)The17thCentury(JohnMilton,Marvell,Donne,Dryden)Theme:sexanddeath1JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674(文风:庄严,敬畏)(诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》.)agreatmasteroftheblankverse①Epics:ParadiseLost失乐园theme:fallofmanParadiseRegained复乐园②Dramaticpoem:SamsonAgonistes力士参孙③Areopagitica论出版自由TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople为英国人民声辩④OnHisBlindness我的失明TheMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).(Marvell,Donne,Dryden)Milton和Bunyan对比(1)MiltonA.wasthechiefPuritanpoet;B.gaveustheonlyepicsinceBeowulf;C.voicedthePuritanidealsfortheeducatedclass;(2)BunyanA.wasthechiefPuritanwriterofprose;B.gaveustheonlygreatallegory----ThePilgrim’sProgress;C.spokeforthecommonpeople.MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗):Poetryofagroupof17thcenturyEnglishpoetswhoseverseischaracterizedbyanintellectuallychallengingstyleandextendedmetaphorscomparingverydissimilarthingsmysticismincontentandfantasticalityinform(主题神秘,语言奇特)thediction(用语)issimple,theimagery(意象)isfromtheactual,theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.(主题:love,religious,though
本文标题:英美文学赏析--英国文学部分
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