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当前位置:首页 > 建筑/环境 > 建筑材料 > 纳米材料如何应用于润湿性变换
原文;链接:JPT2015年12月P74-75摘要:文章回顾了改变岩心润湿性的几类方法,概括性介绍了用于润湿性改变纳米材料的分类、作用方式、流体载体和存在的问题。AStudyofWettability-AlterationMethodsWithNanomaterialsApplication纳米材料如何应用于润湿性变换Theuseofnanomaterialsforalterationofwettabilityisamethodthathasgrowninprominenceafterthedevelopmentoftechniquesforsynthesizingnanosizedparticlesinthelate1980s.Inthispaper,afterareviewofthefundamentalsofwettabilityalteration,adiscussionofnanomaterialsusedforwettabilityalterationisprovided.Amongthesenanomaterials,nanoparticlesofsilicaandpolysiliconeindicatebetterresultsintermsofefficiencyonincrementaloilrecoveryinwaterflooding.纳米尺度的粒子合成技术在1980年代末发展后,使用纳米材料改变润湿性的方法也已取得突出进展。本文在介绍润湿性改变的基本原理之后,讨论纳米材料是如何用于润湿性改变的。众多纳米材料之中,纳米二氧化硅和有机硅聚合物在帮助提高水驱采收率上有着更好的作用效果。Introduction介绍Wettabilityisthetendencyofafluidtospreadoveraspecificsurfaceandisrelativetootherexistentfluidsinthatsystemandisdefinedbythecontactangleofadropletofthefluidandthesurface.Itisaresultofadhesionforcesbetweenthefluidandthemineralsoftherock.Thewettabilityofarockrangesfromstronglywater-wettostronglyoil-wetandisaresultofbrine/oil/rockinteractionsinareservoir.Therearedifferenttypesofrocksonthebasisoftheseinteractionsandwettabilities:润湿性是一种流体相对于其他存在的流体系统分布在特定表面一个趋势。可由液体的液滴与表面的接触角作为定义。这是流体和岩石矿物之间的粘附力作用的结果。岩石的润湿性范围从强烈亲水到强烈亲油,并且是由于盐水/石油/储层岩石相互作用而成的。在这些交互作用和润湿性基础上,有多种不同类型的岩石。1.Ifno,orequal,tendencyisshownfromoilorbrinetospreadoverthesurfaceoftherock,thesystemissaidtohaveneutralwettabilityorintermediatewettability.1.如果从石油或盐水在岩石表面传播趋势没有或者显示相同的情况下,这个系统可称为中等润湿或中间润湿性。2.Becausedifferentmineralogiescoexistinanoilreservoir,differentwettabilitiesarealsoexpected.Ifthisvarietyinthereservoirisnotnegligible,then,indifferentpartsofthereservoir,differentchemicalinteractionsbetweenfluidsandrocksareobservedand,consequently,someareasofthereservoirindicatestronglywater-wetbehaviorwhereassomeotherareasindicatestronglyoil-wetbehavior.Thisheterogeneouswettabilitybehaviorisknownasfractionalwettability.2.由于不同的矿物在同一油藏中共存,所以不同的润湿性是也是如此。如果这种多样化润湿性在油藏中不可忽略,那么,在油藏的不同部位,可观察到流体和岩石之间的不同的化学作用。因此,一些区域的储层出现强亲水特征,而其他区域则表现为强亲油。这种非均匀润湿行为称为部分润湿性。3.Insomecases,thesmallerporesareoccupiedbywaterandcanbeconsideredwater-wet,whilelargerporesarecapturedbyoil.Thistypeofwettabilitydistributionisknownasmixedwettability,inwhichtheresidualoilsaturationislowbecausetheoilisdisplacedmoreeasilyfromlargerpores.3.在某些情况下,较小的孔隙被水填满,可以被认为是亲水的,而更大的毛孔被石油占据。这种类型的润湿性分布称为混合润湿,一般这种类型的油藏残余油饱和度较低,因为石油更容易从大孔隙中被驱出。Thesolid/fluidandfluid/fluidsurfaceenergiesaregovernedbythechemicalcompositionsofthefluidandrock.Inotherwords,themineralogyofarockandchemicalpropertiesofthefluidinfluencetherelativeadhesivetensionsand,consequently,wettability.固体/液体和液体/液体表面能量是由流体和岩石的化学成分决定的。换句话说,岩石矿物组成和流体的化学性质影响相对粘附张力,进而影响润湿性。Themostcommonmethodsforwettabilitymeasurements,discussedindetailinthecompletepaper,includethefollowing:最常见的润湿性测量方法在完整的论文里做了详细讨论,包括:1.Amottwettabilityindex1。Amott润湿指数2.USBureauofMines(USBM)wettabilityindex2。美国矿山局(USBM)润湿性指数3.CombinedAmott-USBMwettabilitytest3.结合Amott-USBM润湿性测试4.Contact-anglemethods4.接触角法Becauseanycleanrockexhibitswater-wettingbehavior,itisbelievedthatallpetroleumreservoirswereinitiallywater-wet.Thiswaterwaslaterdisplacedbyoilbecauseofmigration,andsometimesthereisashifttorelativelyoil-wetcomparedwiththeinitialwettingtendency.Somepolarcomponentsofoilthenactassurfactantsandpenetratethroughthethinfilmofwaterontheporesurfacesandadsorbstronglyontherock.因为任何洁净的岩石都表现出亲水行为,因为可以判断所有油藏最初都是水湿的。水后来被运移进来的油所替代,有时会有一个从初始的水湿转向相对亲油的倾向。一些石油极性组分随后起到表面活性剂的作用,穿透薄膜孔隙水然后强烈的吸附在岩石表面上。Onthebasisofthecomponentminerals,somerockshavewater-wettingoroilwettingnatures.Inawater-wetmedium,watercapturesthesmallporesandalsocoatsthesurfaceofthelargerporeswhileoilfilamentsareinthelargerporesonthementionedwatersurface.Thewaterrelativepermeabilityinlargerporesissmallbothbeforecoreflooding(becausepresenceofoilprohibitswatermobility)andaftercoreflooding(becausetheresidualoilsaturationimpedeswaterrelativepermeability).基于矿物的组分构成,一些岩石有亲水或亲油性质。在亲水介质中,水占据小孔隙并且覆盖大孔隙的表面,而油则是在大孔隙中,并与上述水表面直接接触。大孔隙中的水相对渗透率小,无论是在水驱之前(因为存在的油禁止水流动)还是水驱之后(因为残余油饱和度阻碍水相对渗透率)。Inanoil-wetsystem,thepositionsofthefluidsarereversed,andduringwaterflooding,thewaterrelativepermeabilityinlargerporesincreasesandimpedestheoilmovementfasterthaninawater-wetsystem.Inotherwords,anoil-wetsystemisnotagoodcandidateforwaterfloodingcomparedwithawater-wetsystembecausemoreoilwouldresideinanoil-wetsystemafterwaterbreakthrough.Insomecasesinwhichtheoil-/water-viscosityratiosarehigh,breakthroughhappensveryearlyandtheresidualoilsaturationbecomessignificant.在一个亲油系统中,液体的位置正好是相反的。当注水驱替时,水相对渗透率在较大的孔隙内增加,而且比在亲水系统中更加阻碍石油的渗流速度。换句话说,与亲水系统相比,亲油系统不适合注水开发,因为大量石油将在水突破生产井后倾向于存留在亲油系统内。此时如果油水粘度比又很高,将造成明显的水线突破过早、残余油饱和度过高的问题。Wettability-AlterationMethods润湿变换方法Severalmethodsareusedtoalterwettability.Mostofthesemethodscannotbeusedinlargescalebecauseoftheirexpenseandareonlyusedtotreatsmallcoresforexperimentsthatrequirecoresofdifferentwettabilities.Thesewettability-alterationmethodsincludethefollowing.多种方法可用于改变润湿性。这些方法大多数由于成本过高不能大规模使用,只能用于实验室岩心实验,得到不同润湿性的小块岩心。这些润湿变换方法包括以下几种。TreatmentW
本文标题:纳米材料如何应用于润湿性变换
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