英语语法专题动词和动词短语

-1-动词和动词短语[动词词义辨析1．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Thewatchwasverygood,andhe________20percentdownforit.A．paidB．costC．boughtD．spent解析：选A2．(2013·福建高考)Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhich________spendingquitealotoftimewithstudents.A．enjoysB．involvesC．practicesD．suggests解析：选B考查动词辨析。句意：米歇尔找到了一份高中教师的工作，(这份工作)需要和学生待在一起的时间比较长。involve“包含，需要”，符合句意。enjoy“喜欢”；practice“练习”；suggest“建议”。3．(2013·江苏高考)—Thetownissobeautiful!Ijustloveit.—Metoo.Thecharacterofthetowniswell________.A．qualifiedB．preservedC．decoratedD．simplified解析：选B动词词义辨析一直都是高考考查的重点，这类题绝大多数情况下所给的四个选项的含义各不相同，没有关联性，此时考查的是对题干和语境的理解。偶尔也考查近义词的辨析。近三年考查到的还有：①sacrifice;substitute;simplify;survive②conclude;lead;avoid;hold③persuade;promise;invite;support④open;narrow;widen;leave⑤make;turn;take;have-2-⑥differ;shrink(收缩);fail;decline(下降)⑦sponsor(赞助);launch(发射);organize;plan⑧tell;remind(提醒);warn;advise1．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Atthelastmoment,Tomdecidedto________anewcharactertomakethestoryseemmorelikely.A．putupB．putinC．putonD．putoff解析：选B2．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Wouldyouliketo________withustothefilmtonight?A．comealongB．comeoffC．comeacrossD．comethrough解析：选A考查动词短语辨析。根据句意“你今晚愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？”可知，此处意为“跟随”。comealong“跟着来，跟随”，符合句意。comeoff“举行，发生，成功”；comeacross“偶然遇见”；comethrough“(重病后)康复”。3．(2013·湖北高考)Inmuchoftheanimalworld,nightisthetime________forsleep—pureandsimple.A．setasideB．setdownC．setoffD．setup解析：选A考查动词短语辨析。句意：在很多动物世界里，夜晚完全是用来睡觉的时间。pureandsimple“完全是，不折不扣是”。setaside“留出，拨出(时间等)”，符合句意。setdown“写下”；setoff“出发，引起”；setup“建立”。4．(2013·江苏高考)Teamleadersmustensurethatallmembers________theirnaturaldesiretoavoidtheembarrassmentassociatedwithmakingmistakes.A．getoverB．lookoverC．takeoverD．comeover解析：选A-3-动词短语的辨析是动词考查的重中之重，甚至有些形式上单个动词的辨析也是考查所构成短语的辨析。总的来说，动词短语的辨析可分为三种：一是以动词为主体词的辨析；二是以副词或介词为主体词的辨析；三是无关联的动词短语的辨析。下面就常见的动词短语做如下总结：一、以动词为主体词的短语1．breakbreakawayfrom脱离breakdown坏掉；分解；垮下来breakout爆发breakin打断；闯入breakinto闯入breakthrough突破breakup打碎；分解；分手Old­fashionedphonesmatterwhenwirelessnetworksbreakdownindisasters.(2013·福建高考)2．bringbringabout引起，导致bringdown使降低，使下降bringin引进；赚进bringup抚养；养育；呕吐bringout取出；出版；生产；阐明Bornintoafamilywiththreebrothers,Davidwasbroughtuptovaluethesenseofsharing.(2011·福建高考)3．comecomealong跟随comeout出现；出版；结果是comeabout发生comeacross偶遇sthcomeup出现；被提出sbcomeupwith提出-4-Shecameacrossanoldfriendofhersyesterdaywhileshewasshoppingatthedepartmentstore.(2011·天津高考)4．cutcutin插嘴cutoff切断cutup切碎cutdown砍倒，削减,减少Myunclehasn'tbeenabletoquitsmoking,butatleasthehascutdown.(2013·陕西高考)5．getgetaway外出度假getinto进入；养成getthrough完成；通过；解决；接通电话getover克服getacross被理解；使通过getoff下车/船/马/飞机等getdownto着手做getup起床；起身Jennywaslookingforaseatwhen,luckily,amangotupandleft.(2010·四川高考)6．gogoagainst违背goover预习；复习goout外出；熄灭gowithout没有……也行；没有……也可以勉强对付Togetabettergrade,youshouldgooverthenotesagainbeforethetest.7.looklookthrough浏览；透过……看lookinto调查lookup向上看；查找lookupto尊敬；敬仰-5-lookround/around环顾IoftenlookupthewordsIdon'tknowinthedictionaryorontheInternet.8.makemakeout辨认出makeup组成；编造makeupwith弥补makethebestof充分利用/makethemostof/?Theschoolisn'ttheoneIreallywantedtogoto,butIsupposeI'lljusthavetomakethebestofit.9.putputin放进，写进putaway收起，储存putout扑灭；出版；生产putdown写下，镇压/writedown?putoff推迟puton穿上；上演putup张贴；举起；建造putforward提出Maryisreallygoodattakingnotesinclass.Shecanputdownalmosteverywordherteachersays.(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)10．setsetaside拨出；置于一旁setup建立；竖立setouttodo着手(做……)；出发setaboutdoing着手(做……)setoff出发，引爆Traditionally,collegestudentsholdagraduationceremonytoencouragethemselvesbeforetheysetoffontheirlifejourney.(2013·安徽高考)11．taketakeup开始从事；占据；拿起takeapart拆卸-6-takein欺骗，吸收takeoff起飞；腾飞；脱掉takeon呈现；雇用takeover接管Rodlovestakingapartclocks.However,henevermanagestoputthemtogetheragain.(2012·辽宁高考)12．turnturnout结果证明turnto求助于；转向turnin上交turndown拒绝，把音量开小turnon打开turnoff关掉turnup出现；把音量开高turnover翻转/翻身—Youlookupset.What'sthematter?—Ihadmyproposalturneddownagain.(2011·江苏高考)二、以副词或介词为主体词的短语13．outwearout穿烂；用坏workout解出；进展顺利letout放出；发出；泄露leaveout遗漏figureout弄清burstout爆发pointout指出carryout贯彻/执行Youcan'tpredicteverything.Oftenthingsdon'tworkoutasyouexpect.(2011·江西高考)14．up-7-buildup增强keepup保持；鼓起speedup加速pickup拾起；收听/看；用车接送；无意学会听到sendup发射useup用完hangup挂断endup结束splitup分裂；分手stayup熬夜①Walkingaloneinthedark,theboywhistledtokeepuphiscourage.②It'ssurprisingthatyourbrotherpickedupRussiansoquickly—hehasn'tlivedthereverylong.(2012·四川高考)15．offpayoff还清；得到好的回报；取得成功showoff炫耀giveoff发出（气体，光热等）Theathlete'syearsofhardtrainingpaidoffwhenshefinallywontheOlympicgoldmedal.(2012·安徽高考)三、无关联的动词短语seeto处理；解决fightfor为……而战agreewith同意；适合dowithout没有……也勉强对付fitin适合liveupto达到；不辜负runawayfrom逃走；避开①I'msogladyou'vecomeheretoseetothismatterinperson.(2012·湖北高考)②Youlookwell.TheairandtheseafoodsinSanyamustagreewithyou,Isuppose.(2010·陕西高考)-8-1．(2013·济南市一模)—Iwillhavetothinkaboutitagain.—Ifyou________，youmaylosetheopportunitytocompetealtogether.A．hesitateB．wonderC．continueD．fail2．(2013·杭州外国语高中模拟)Ithasbeenreportedthatsomegovernmentleaders________theirauthorityandpositiontogetillegalprofitsforthemselves.A．overlookB．employC．abandonD．abuse3．(2013·山东日照高三检测)Lookbeforeyouleap!Whynot________theadvantagesagainsttherisksbeforeyoustart?A．weighB．matchC．defendD．fight4．(2013·山东实验中学高三二模)—What'sthematterwithJohn