水利水电工程技术术语

水利水电工程技术术语标准|StandardofTechnicalTermsonHydroengineering水利水电工程勘测|SURVEYANDINVESTIGATIONFORHYDROENGINEEERING水利水电工程规划|PLANNINGOFHUDROENGINEERING水工建筑物|HYDROSTRIRUCTURES水力机械与电气设备|HYDRAULICMACHINERYANDELECTRICEQIJIPMENT水利水电工程施工|CONSTRUCTIONOFHYDRAULICENGINERING工程测量|EngineeringSurvey工程测量基础|Fundamentalsofengineeringsurvey坐标与高程|Coordinateandelevation大地水准面|geoid参考椭球|referenceellipsoid子午面|meridianplane子午线|meridian首子午线|primemeridian磁子午线|magneticmeridian地图投影|mapprojection地图投影变形|distortionofmapprojection地图投影变换|mapprojectiontransfromation高斯一克吕格投影(高斯投影)|Gauss-Kugerprojection中央子午线|centralmeridian分带子午线(分界子午线)|zonedividingmeridian高斯投影方向改正(高斯投影曲率改正)|correctionfordirectioninGaussProjection高斯投影距离改正(距离改正)|distancecorrectiononGaussprojection子午线收敛角(高斯平面子午线收敛角)|gridconvergence坐标|coordinate高斯一克吕格坐标（高斯坐标）|Gauss-Kugercoordinate大地原点(大地基准点)|geodeticdatum北京坐标系|Beijingcoordinatesystem19541980年国家大地坐标系|nationalcoordinatesystem1954假定坐标系|assumescoordinatesystem1980独立坐标系|indepeadentcoordinatesystem方位角|azimuth磁方位角|magneticazimuth坐标方位角|coordinateazimuth高程|elevation绝对高程(高程，海拔高度)|absoluteelevation相对高程(假定高程)|relativeelevation1956年黄海高程系(黄海高程系)|Huanghaielevationsystem19561985年国家高程基准|nationalelevationdatum1985误差与精度|Errorandaccuracy真值|truevalue最或然值(最或是值，最可靠值，平差值)|mostprobablevalue误差(真误差)|error绝对误差|absoluteerror相对误差|relativeerror偶然误差(随机误差)|accidenterror(randomerror)系统误差|systematicerror中误差(标准差，方根差，均方差)|meansquareerror(standarderror)平均误差|averageerror限差(极限误差，允许误差，最大误差)|tolerance测角中误差|meansquareerrorofangleobservation点位中误差|meansquareerrorofposition精度(精密度)|accuracy地球弯曲差|errorduetocurvatureofearth大气折光差|atmosphericrefractionerror球气差|effectofearthcurvatureandrefraction视差|parallax消力池|plungepool地图|分幅|SheetLinesystem国际分幅|internationalmapsubdivision矩形分幅(正方形分幅，自由分幅)|rectangularmapsubdivision.直角坐标网(公里网，方格网)|rectangulargrid图号|mapnumbering地物和地貌的表示|Representationofplanimetricfeatureandgeomorphy图式|cartographicsymbol图例|legend地形|landform地物|planimetricfeature地貌|geomorphy地性线(地貌结构线，地貌特征线)|orographiccharacterline山脊线(分水线)|crestline山谷线(集水线，合水线)|valleyline等高线|contour等高距(等高线间隔)|contourinterval首曲线(基本等高线)|standardcontour计曲线(加粗等高线)|indexcontour间曲线(半距等高线)|half-intervalcontour助曲线(1/4等高线)|supplementaryContour示坡线|slopeindicationline测量仪器|Surveyinginstrument电磁波测距仪|E1ectromagneticwavedistancemeasuringinstrument(EDMI)电磁波测距仪(物理测距仪)|electromagneticwavedistancemeasuringinstrument(EDMI)光电测距仪(光速测距仪)|electro-opticaldistancemeter(EDM)红外测距仪(红外光电测距仪)|infra-raddistancemeter微波测距仪|microwavedistancemeasuringinstrument电子速测仪(全站式电子速测仪，自动电子速测仪)|electronictacheometer周期误差|cyclicerror幅相误差|amplitude-phaseerror电磁波测距误差|errorinelectromagneticwavedistancemeasurement水准仪与经纬仪|Levelandtheodolite水准仪(水平仪)|level激光水准仪|laserlevel自动安平水准仪(补偿器水准仪)|automaticlevel视准轴(照准轴)|coolimationaxis水准器分划值(水准器角值，水准器格值)|scalevalueoflevel经纬仪|theodolite激光经纬仪|lasertheodolite三轴误差|errorofthree-axix垂直度盘指标差(指标差，竖盘指标差)|indexerrorofverticalcircle变形观测设备|Instrumentofdeformationobservation激光准直仪|lasercollimator真空管道激光准直系统|laseralignmentsystemwithairlesspipe液体静力水准仪(水管式测斜仪)|hydro-staticlevelinginstrument垂线观测坐标仪(垂线观测仪)|coordinatographforplummetobservation其他仪器与器件|Instrumentanddeviceothertypes平板仪|plane-table直角坐标仪(坐标展点仪，坐标仪，展点仪)|coodinatograph曲线仪(里程计)|curvimeter坐标格网尺(方眼尺)|coordinategridscale因瓦基线尺|invartape横基尺(基线横尺，夹角尺)|subtensebar觇牌|target活动觇牌|movingtarget工程测量|Engineeringsurvey平面控制测量|Horizontalcontrolsurvey基本平面控制|basichorizontalcontrol图根控制(测图控制，地形控制)|mappingcontrol三角锁|triangulationchain三角网|triangulationnetwork三角测量|triangulation三边测量|trilateration传距边(求距边)|sidefortransferringlength传距角(求距角)|anglefortransferringlength导线网|traversenetwork闭合导线(环形导线，回归导线)|closedtraverse附合导线|connectingtraverse导线测量|traversesurvey大地控制点(大地点)|geodeticcontrolpoint三角点|triangulationpoint导线点|traversepoint图根点(图根控制点，地形控制点)|mappingcontrolpoint测量标志|surveymark测量觇标|observationrover标石|markstone视差法测距(基线横尺视差法)|subtensemethodwithhorizontalstaff视差角|parallacticangle方向观测法|methodofdirectionobservation归零差(半测回归零差)|rnisciosureofround二倍照准差互差(2c互差，2c较差)|discrepancybetweentwicecollimationerrors测回互差(测回差)|discrepancybetweenobservationsets施工控制网|constructioncontrolnetwork施工坐标系(建筑坐标系)|constructioncoordinatesystem变形观测控制网(监测网)|controlnetworkfordeformationobservation边角网(边角同测网)|combinednetworkoftriangulationandtrilateration直伸三角网|straighttriangulationnetwork秩亏自由网(秩亏网)|freenetworkwithrankdeficiency高程控制测量|Verticalcontrolsurvey基本高程控制|basicverticalcontrol水准测量|leveling跨河水准测量|fiver-crossingleveling加密高程控制|minorverticalcontrol三角高程测量(间接高程测量)|trigonometricleveling三角高程路线(三角高程导线，多角高程导线)|trigonometriclevelingline水准路线|levelingline水准点|benchmark测量平差|Adjustmentofmeasurement测量平差|adjustmentofmeasurement严密平差|rigorousadjustment近似平差|approximateadjustment直接平差(直接观测平差)|adjustmentofdirectobservations间接平差(间接观测平差)|adjustmentofobservationequations条件平差(条件观测平差)|adjustmentofconditionequations满秩平差|fullrankadjustment秩亏平差(秩亏自由网平差)|rankdeficiencyadjustment拟稳平差|quasi-stableadjustment结点平差|adjustmentofjunctionpoints三角锁网平差|adjustmentofnetworkoftriangnlationchains导线网平差|adjustmentoftraversenetwork水准网平差|adjustmentoflevelingnetwork地形测量|Topographicsurvey地形测量|topographicsu