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弯曲应力从7题之后差一个题号!!6-1求图示各梁在m-m截面上A点的正应力和危险截面上最大正应力。题6-1图解:(a)mKNMmm5.2mKNM75.3max48844108.49064101064mdJxMPaA37.20108.490104105.2823(压)MPa2.38108.4901051075.3823max(b)mKNMmm60mKNM5.67max488331058321210181212mbhJxMPaA73.611058321061060823(压)MPa2.104105832109105.67823max(c)mKNMmm1mKNM1max48106.25mJx36108.7mWxcmyA99.053.052.1MPaA67.38106.251099.0101823(压)MPa2.128106.2510183max6-2图示为直径D=6cm的圆轴,其外伸段为空心,内径d=4cm,求轴内最大正应力。解:)1(32431DWx463)64(110326361002.17m3463321021.213210632mDWxMPa88.521002.17109.0631MPa26.551021.2110172.1631MPa26.55max6-3T字形截面铸铁梁的尺寸与所受载荷如图示。试求梁内最大拉应力与最大压应力。已知Iz=10170cm4,h1=9.65cm,h2=15.35cm。解:A截面:Mpa95.371065.9101017010402831max(拉)Mpa37.501035.15101017010402831min(压)E截面Mpa19.301035.15101017010202832max(拉)Mpa98.181065.9101017010202832min(压)6-4一根直径为d的钢丝绕于直径为D的圆轴上。(1)求钢丝由于弯曲而产生的最大弯曲正应力(设钢丝处于弹性状态)(2)若d=lmm,材料的屈服极限s=700MPa,弹性模量E=210GPa,求不使钢丝产生残余变形的轴径D。解:EJM1DdEEJM324DdEdMWM3max32cmmdEDs303.010700101102106396-5矩形悬臂梁如图示.已知l=4m,32hb,q=10kN/m,许用应力[σ]=10Mpa。试确定此梁横截面尺寸。解:mKNqlM80410212122max963266322hhhhW910101080263hMWWMcmmh6.41416.0cmb7.276-620a工字钢梁的支承和受力情况如图所示。若[σ]=160MPa,试求许用载荷P。解:3237cmWP32mKNPM32maxPWM32102371016066(M图)P32KNP880.56237160236-7压板的尺寸和载荷情况如图所示。材料为45钢,s=380MPa,取安全系数5.1n。试校核压板强度。解:2331568)121230122030(101mmWmNM3601020101833MPaWM6.22910156836096-7由两个槽钢组成的梁受力如图示。已知材料的许用应力[σ]=150MPa,试选择槽钢号码。解:mKNM60max33363max400104.0101501060cmmMWx查表:(22a,332006.217cmcmWx)mKN60mKN20(M图)6-8割刀在切割工件时,受到P=1kN的切销力的作用。割刀尺寸如图所示。试求割刀内最大弯曲应力。解:mNpM81083mNpM30103033242.706135.2mmW321506154mmWMPaWM114104.7089maxMPaWM20010150309max6-9图示圆木,直径为D,需要从中切取一矩形截面梁。试问(1)如要使所切矩形截面的抗弯强度最高,h、b分别为何值?(2)如要使所切矩形截面的抗弯刚度最高,h、b又分别为何值?解:6)(6222bDbbhW0dbdW06322bD322Db2222323DDDh从强度讲:Db57735.0Dh8165.012)(123222bDbbhJ0dbdJ0)2()(23)(21222322bbDbbD从刚度讲Db50.0Dh866.06-10T字形截面的铸铁梁受纯弯曲如图示,欲使其最大压应力为最大拉应力的3倍,巳知h=12cm,t=3cm,试确定其翼板宽度b之值。解:3maxmax=下上拉压yy下上=yy312hyy=+下上cmy3412==下05.4)39()233)(3(bScmb275.135.439611图示简支梁,由No.18工字钢制成,在外载荷作用下,测得横截面A处梁底面的纵向正应变4100.3,试计算梁的最大弯曲正应力σmax。已知钢的弹性模量E=200GPa,a=1m。解:MPaEA60100.3102004928/34/3maxmaxAAMMMPaA1206022max243qa283qa241qa(M图)612试计算图示矩形截面简支梁的1-1面上a点和b点的正应力和剪应力。解:1-1截面KNQ6364.3mKNM6364.3433375.210912155.712cmbhJ283105.310375.2109106364.3yJMaMPa03.682310375.2109105.7106364.3bMPa93.122863105.710375.2109105.5)5.74(106364.3JbQSaMPa379.06-13计算在均布载荷q=10kN/m作用下,圆截面简支梁的最大正应力和最大剪应力,并指出它们发生在何处。解:232max110108181qlMmN31025.11101021213maxqlQN3105633max105321025.1WMMPa86.101在跨中点上、下边缘34105410534423maxAQMPa46.25在梁端,中性轴上6-14试计算6-12题工字钢简支梁在图示载荷下梁内的最大剪应力。解:MPaWqa60832qa413185cmWmKNq/6.29123810185106066qa43KNqaQ2.2216.294343max(Q图)MPaJtQS12.22105.6104.15102.22323max6-15矩形截面木梁所受载荷如图示,材料的许用应力[σ]=10Mpa。试选择该梁的截面尺寸,设1:2:bhKN19mKN141KN8KN9KN1mKN8KN21(Q图)(M图)解:KNRA19KNRB29126132hbhW12101433maxhWMcmmh6.25256.01010121014363cmb8.12MPaAQ961.0106.258.1210215.15.143max6-16试为图示外伸梁选择一工字形截面,材料的许用应力[σ]=160MPa,[τ]=80Mpa。解:3612510160100020cmMW取16I,3141cmW)(8.13:cmSJMPaJtQS181.01068.13101533故取No16工字钢)(xQKN15)(xMmKN20KN5mKN10KN10(Q图)(M图)6-17图示起重机安装在两根工字形钢梁上,试求起重机在移动时的最危险位置及所采用工字型钢的号码。已知l=10m,a=4m,d=2m。起重机的重量W=50kN,起重机的吊重P=10kN,钢梁材料的许用应力[σ]=160MPa,[τ]=100Mpa。解:轻压:KN10,KN50xxxR658)8(10)10(50101xxRxxM)658()(0dxdM01258xmx833.4mKNM17.140833.4)833.4658(max63max101601017.140MW33387610876.0cmm取两个aI2833438215.508cmWcmWzKN10KN50dm106-18等腰梯形截面梁,其截面高度为h。用应变仪测得其上边的纵向线应变611042,下边的纵向线应变621014。试求此截面形心的位置。解:11MEJyb=上22MEJyb=下314422121yy=hyy21hyy223hy412hy4316-19简支梁承受均布载荷q,截面为矩形hb,材料弹性模量E,试求梁最底层纤维的总伸长。解:22)(2qxxqlxM6)()(2bhExMx2320022)22(6)(EbhqldxxlEbhqdxxlll6-21矩形截面悬臂梁受力如图(a)所示,若假想沿中性层把梁分开为上下两部分:(1)试求中性层截面上剪应力沿x轴向的变化规律,参见图(b);(2)试说明梁被截下的部分是怎样平衡的?解:(1)bhqxAQx2323(2)由产生的合力为ThqlbdxbhqxbdxTllx4323200由弯曲产生的轴间力为NbdyhbyqldybJMdybNhhh2/02/02/032max122(自证)Thqlj246-22正方形截面边长为a,设水平对角线为中性轴。试求(1)证明切去边长为9a的上下两棱角后,截面的抗弯模量最大;(2)若截面上的弯矩不变,新截面的最大正应力是原截面的几倍?(提示:计算Iz时可按图中虚线分三块来处理)。解:原来正方形:1240aJz2max0ay3301179.0122aaWz削去x后:22)(2212)2)(2(212)(234xaxaxxaxxaJz)3()(12222maxxaxaxaJyJWzzz0dxdW010922aaxx9ax3321397.08128)912()98(122aaaaWx)(844.01397.01179.0W0maxmax倍=原新zzW6-23悬臂梁AB受均布载荷q及集中力P作用如图示。横截面为正方形aa,中性轴即正方形的对角线。试计算最大剪应力τmax值及其所在位置。解:)(QqlPbJQSz124aJz)22(2yab)22(31)22()22(yayyayaS)3262()22(2124yayaaqlP)326261()(6224yayaaqlP0dyday8224max8)(9)823262()8222()8222()8222(212)(aqlPaaaaaaaaaqlPbJQSz6-24试绘出图中所示各截面的剪应力流方向,并指出弯曲中心的大致位置。解:6-25确定开口薄壁
本文标题:第六章弯曲应力
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