计算机专业英语影印版(ComputingEssentials2008)课后答案大全第六单元Chapt

ComputingEssentials2008Chapter6:TheSystemUnitKeyTermsPage1of8KeyTermsKeyTermDefinitionACadapter(166)ApoweradapterthatconvertsACtoDC,providespowertodrivethesystemunitcomponents,andcanrechargebatteries.acceleratedgraphicsport(AGP)(164)Abusthatisdedicatedtotheaccelerationofgraphicsperformance.analog(152)Continuous,signalsthatvarytorepresentdifferenttones,pitches,andvolume.arithmetic-logicunit(ALU)(155)TheALU,performstwotypesofoperations:arithmeticandlogical.arithmeticoperation(155)Fundamentalmathoperations:addition,subtraction,multiplication,division.ASCII(152)AmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange,a7-bitbinarycodingschemeusedwidelybymicrocomputersbinarycodingscheme(152)Howcharacters0’sand1’sinthecomputerbinarysystem(152)Anumberingsystemthatconsistsofonlytwodigits,0and1.bit(152)Shortfor–BinaryDigit.bus(161)ConnectsthepartsoftheCPUtoeachother.(Seealsobusline)busline(155,161)ConnectsthepartsoftheCPUtoeachother.(Seealsobus)buswidth(161)Thenumberofbitsthatcantravelsimultaneouslydownabusbyte(152)Eightbits.Eachbytetypicallyrepresentsonecharacter.cable(166)Connectsexternaldevicestothesystemunitviaports.cachememory(157)Atemporaryhigh-speedholdingareabetweenthememoryandtheCPUusedtoimproveprocessingtime.(SeealsoRAMcache)carrierpackage(154)Microchipsonmountedonthem.Theyareeitherplugdirectlyintosocketsonthesystemboardorontocardsthatarethenpluggedintoslotsonthesystemboard.centralprocessingunit(CPU)(155)The“brains”ofacomputerandiscontainedonasinglechip.(Seealsomicroprocessor,processor)chip(154)Consistsoftinycircuitboardsetchedontosquaresofsandlikematerialcalledsilicon.(Seealsointegratedcircuit,siliconchip,semiconductor)clockspeed(159)Thespeedofprocessingorpowerofacomputersystem.(Seealsoclockspeed)complementarymetal-oxidesemi-conductor(CMOS)(158)Acomplementarymetal-oxidesemiconductorcontainsessentialinformationthatisrequiredeverytimethecomputersystemisturnedon.computertechnician(167)Peoplewhorepairandinstallcomputercomponentsandsystems.controlunit(155)Thepartofaprocessorthattellstherestofthecomputersystemhowtocarryoutaprogram’sinstructions,anddirectsthemovementofelectronicsignalsbetweenmemory.coprocessor(156)SpecialtychipsdesignedtoimprovespecificcomputingComputingEssentials2008Chapter6:TheSystemUnitKeyTermsPage2of8operations.desktopsystemunit(150)Aunitthatcontainsthesystem’selectroniccomponentsandselectedsecondarystoragedevices.Inputandoutputdevicesareexternal.digital(152)Signalsthatareonlyintwostates–onoroff–areusetorepresentvoiceanddata.dual-corechips(156)AnewtypeofmicroprocessorthatprovidestwoseparateandindependentCPUsEBCDIC(152)ExtendedBinaryCodedDecimalInterchangeCode.An8-bitbinarycodingschemedevelopedbyIBMandusedprimarilyinlargecomputers.expansionbus(161)connectstheCPUtoothercomponentsonthesystemboard,includingexpansionslots.expansioncard(159)Optionaldevicesuserscaninsertintotheircomputers.expansionslot(159)Slotsprovidedonamicrocomputerwhereuserscaninsertoptionaldevices.FireWirebus(164)Abusdedicatedtotheaccelerationofgraphicsperformance.(Seealsohigh-performanceserialbus)FireWireport(165)ProvidesconnectionstospecializedFireWiredevicessuchascamcorders.(Seealsohigh-performanceserialbus(HPSB)ports)flashmemory(157)Chipsthatcanretaindataevenifpowerisdisrupted.(SeealsoflashRAM)graphicscard(160)Convertstheinternalelectronicsignalstovideosignalssotheycanbedisplayedonthemonitor.(Seealsovideocard)graphicscoprocessor(156)Aprocessorspecificallydesignedtohandletheprocessingrequirementsrelatedtodisplayingandmanipulating2-Dand3-Dgraphicsimages.handheldcomputersystemunit(151)ThesmallesttypeofPCandaredesignedtofitintothepalmofonehand.(Seealsopalmcomputer)industrystandardarchitecture(ISA)(164)8-and16-bitexpansionbusdevelopedforthefirstIBMPersonalComputerInfraredDataAssociation(IrDA)(165)Providesawirelessmechanismforcommunicatingtothesystemunit.(Seealsofastinfrared(FIR))integratedcircuit(154)Consistsoftinycircuitboardsetchedontosquaresofsandlikematerialcalledsilicon.(Seealsochip,siliconchip,semiconductor)laptopcomputer(150)Thesesystemunitscontaintheelectroniccomponents,selectedsecondarystoragedevices,andinputdevices.(Seealsonotebooksystemunit)logicaloperation(156)Comparetwopiecesofdatamemory(157)Aholdingareafordata,instructions,andinformationandcontainedonchipsconnectedtothesystemboard.microprocessor(155)The“brains”ofacomputerandiscontainedonasinglechip.(Seealsocentralprocessingunit,processor)modemcard(160)Allowdistantcomputerstocommunicatewithoneanotherbyconvertingelectronicsignalsfromwithinthesystemunitintoelectronicsignalsthatcantravelovertelephonelinesandothertypesofconnections.(Seealsointernalmodem)motherboard(163)ThecommunicationsmediumfortheentirecomputerComputingEssentials2008Chapter6:TheSystemUnitKeyTermsPage3of8system.(Seealsomainboard,systemboard)musicalinstrumentdigitalinterface(MIDI)(165)Aspecialtypeofserialportforconnectingmusicalinstrumentstoasoundcard.networkadaptercard(160)Connectsacomputertooneormoreothercomputers.(Seealsonetworkinterfacecard)networkinterfacecard(NIC)(160)Connectsacomputertooneormoreothercomputer