园林树木学被子植物门6

TheHippocastanaceaeisasmallfamilyoftrees(rarelyshrubs).Afeatureofthefamilyisthepalmatecompoundleaves,opposite.乔木，稀灌木，掌状复叶对生，花杂性同株，顶生圆锥花序，蒴果3裂，种子大。2属约30种，中国1属约10种。七叶树Hippocastanaceae七叶树属AesculusAesculusarewoodyplantsfrom4to36mtall,andhavestoutshoots;opposite,palmatelydividedleaves;andshowyinsect-pollinatedflowers,withfourorfivepetalsfusedintoalobedcorollatube.Thefruitisarichglossybrowntoblackish-brownnut2–5cmdiameter,usuallyglobosewithonenutinagreenorbrownhusk,butsometimestwonutstogetherinonehusk;thepointofattachmentofthenutinthehuskshowsasalargecircularwhitishscar.Thehuskhasspinesinsomespecies,spinelessinothers,andsplitsintothreesectionstoreleasethenut.落叶乔木，稀灌木，掌状复叶具长柄，小叶5—9，有锯齿，圆锥花序直立而多花，花萼钟状或管状，花瓣具爪。七叶树A.chinensis落叶乔木，小枝粗壮，小叶具柄5—17mm，花瓣4，花小，蒴果光滑，种子形如板栗，仅秦岭有野生，黄河流域及冬部各省有栽培。欧洲七叶树A.hippocastanum小叶5—7，无柄。蒴果褐色，近球形，果皮有刺，原产希腊北部和阿尔巴山尼亚山区，上海，青岛，北京有栽培。日本七叶树A.turbinate小叶5—7，无柄，蒴果近洋梨形，果深棕色，有疣状突起，原产日本。FloweroftheRedHorse-chestnut(Aesculus×carnea)FloweroftheRedHorse-chestnut(Aesculus×carnea)Aesculushippocastanum•Aesculusglabra光叶七叶树Aesculushippocastanum无患子科SapindaceaePlantsofthisfamilyhaveavarietyofhabits,fromtreestoherbaceousplantsorlianas.Theirleavesusuallyspirallyalternate.Theyaremostoftenpinnatelycompound,withapetiolelackingstipules.Flowersaresmallandunisexul,orfunctionallyunisexual,thoughplantsmaybeeitherdioeciousormonoecious.Theyareusuallygroupedincymesgroupedinpanicles.Theymostoftenhavefourorfivepetalsandsepals.Thestamensrangefromeighttoten.Themostfrequentnumberiseight,intworingsoffour.ThegynoeciumcontainstwoorthreecarpelsThefruitsarefleshyordry,.Theymaybenuts,berries,drupes,capsules,orsamaras.无患子科Sapindaceae乔灌木，稀草本,叶互生，羽状复叶，花单性或杂性，雄蕊8—10，子房上位，多三室。蒴果、核果、坚、浆果、翅果。约150属2000，产热带，亚热带，中国产25属56种。栾树属KoelreuteriaTheyaremedium-sizeddeciduoustreesgrowingto10-20mtall,withalternatelyarrangedpinnateorbipinnateleaves.Theflowersaresmallandyellow,producedinlargebranchedpanicles20-50cmlong.Thefruitisathree-lobedinflatedpaperycapsule3-6cmlong,containingseveralhardnut-likeseeds5-10mmdiameter.–落叶乔木；–奇数羽状复叶或二回羽状复叶，小叶有粗锯齿或缺裂；–花黄色，不整齐，大型顶生圆锥花序，花瓣上有爪，花瓣基部有2个附属什么；–蒴果，气球状，3瓣开裂。全缘栾树K.integrifolia2回羽状复叶，7—11，小叶全缘或偶有点，花黄色顶生圆锥花序，8—9月，蒴果，10-11，淡红色灯笼状果实挂满枝头。栾树K.paniculata落叶乔木，树冠近圆球形，1回奇数羽状叶，或因部分小叶深裂而成不完全的2回羽状复叶，顶生大型疏散的圆锥花序。果成熟时红褐色或橘红色，花期6—7月，果期9—10月成熟。全缘叶栾树文冠果属Xanthoceras本属仅一种，中国特产。文冠果X.sirbifoliaXanthocerassorbifolium(Yellowhorn),thesolespeciesinthegenusXanthoceras,isafloweringplantinthefamilySapindaceae,nativetonorthernChina.Itisalargeshruborsmalltreegrowingto8mtall.Theleavesarearrangedalternately,andarepinnate,with9–17leafletswithasharlyserratedmargin.Theflowersarefivewhitepetals,andareproducedinerectpaniclesinmidspring.Thefruitisanovalleatherycapsule5–6cmdiameter,whichsplitsintothreesectionsatmaturitytoreleasethe6–18seeds;theseedsareblack.文冠果属Xanthoceras本属仅一种，中国特产。文冠果X.sirbifolia落叶小乔木或灌木，奇数羽状复叶，互生，小叶9—19，对生或近对生，花杂性，整齐，径约2cm，萼片，花瓣5，白色。基部有黄变红的斑晕，花盘5裂，裂片背面各有一橙黄色角状附属物。硕果椭球形，4—6cm，具木质壁，室皆3瓣裂，花期4—5月。文冠果无患子属SapindusThegenusincludesbothdeciduousandevergreenshrubsandsmalltrees.Theleavesarealternate,15-40cmlong,pinnate,with14-30leaflets,theterminalleafletoftenabsent.Theflowersforminlargepanicles,eachflowersmall,creamywhite.Thefruit,calledasoapnut,isasmallleathery-skinneddrupe1-2cmdiameter,yellowripeningblackish,containingonetothreeseeds.乔木，灌木。偶数羽状复叶，互生，小叶全缘，花萼花瓣4—5，核果，球形，中果皮肉质，内果皮革质。无患子S.mukurossi落叶，半常绿乔木，树皮灰色，光滑不裂，小枝皮孔多而明显，偶数羽状复叶，叶互生。小叶8—14互生或近对生，全缘，叶基歪斜，花小黄白色，顶生圆锥花序，核果肉质，球形。其它葡萄科VitaceaeVitaceaemayberecognisedbytheircaducously(早落的)stipulateleaveswithpalmatelycompound,-lobedor-veinedbladesandoftenrathercoarseteeth,cymose(聚伞花序)inflorescences,andsmallishflowerswithvalvatepetals.Thestamensareequalinnumbertoandoppositethepetals,theusually4-ovulate,bicarpellategynoeciumhasmoreorlesssessilestigmas,andtheberryoftenhasruminateseeds.Thestemsareoftenstronglylenticellate(皮孔),withthebarkultimatelyflaking,andtheleafbladesareverybrittlewhendry,thefinedetailsofthevenationbeingobscure.Leaf-opposedtendrilsorinflorescencesarecommoninthefamily.葡萄科Vitaceae藤本，常具有与叶对生的卷曲，单叶或复叶，有托叶。花小，成聚伞，伞房或圆锥花序，浆果。共12属约700种，分布于热带至温带，中国产7属约100种，南北均有分布。葡萄属Vitis葡萄V.vinifera落叶藤本，长达30cm，茎皮红褐色，老时条状剥落，卷须间歇性与叶对生，叶互生，近圆形。3-5掌状裂，基部心性，花小黄绿色或紫红色，有白粉，花期5—6月，果期8—9成熟。在园林中是很好的棚架植物，即可观赏，遮荫，又可结合果实生产，庭院，公园，疗养院，居民区均可栽培。Woodyvine,inthegrapefamily(Vitaceae),thatclimbsbymeansofdisk-tippedtendrils.ItiscommonlyfoundineasternNorthAmericaandisoftengrownasacoveringvineforwalls,fences,andtrunksoflargetrees.Itsfallcolourrangesfromyellowtored-purple.Severalcultivatedvarieties,withsmallerleavesandshortertendrils,havebeendevelopedtoprovide...爬山虎属（地锦属）Parthenocissus爬山虎属（地锦属）Parthenocissus藤本，卷须顶端常扩大成吸盘，叶互生，掌状复叶互生，单叶而有裂，花瓣基数5，浆果。爬山虎P.tricudpodata单叶常3裂或深裂成3小叶。美国地锦P.quinquefolia掌状复叶，小叶5。二者都耐荫，秋季叶都变红，前者攀缘能力强，但都可做建筑物的墙壁，围墙，假山，老树干材的绿化材料，见效快。Parthenocissustricuspidata'Veitchii'P.quinquefolia椴树科Tiliaceae椴树属TiliaTiliaspeciesarelargedeciduoustrees.Theleavesofallthelindensareone-sided,alwaysheart-shaped,andthetinyfruit,lookinglikepeas,alwayshangsattachedtoacurious,ribbon-like,greenishyellowbract,whoseuseseemstobetolaunchtheripenedse