各种时态的主动、被动语态结构表

各种时态的主动、被动语态结构表（以动词do为例）时态用法时间状语动词构成例句主动语态被动语态主动语态被动语态一般现在时1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。2)主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。3)表示客观真理often,sometimes,always,usuallyeveryday/……;onMondaysonceaweek,twiceayeardo/doesam/is/are+doneWecleantheclassroom.Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。yesterday;lastweek/…;in1990tenminutesagojustnowdidwas/were+doneHeboughtmesomebooks.Iwasboughtsomebooksbyhim.Somebookswereboughtformebyhim.现在进行1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行或持续的动作now,thesedays等或当句中含有look,listen之类的暗示词时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+being+doneSheiswateringtheflowers.Theflowersarebeingmadebyher.过去进行表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段正在进行的动作thistimeyesterday,atthattime,then,attenyesterday,from7:00to9:00lastnightwas/were+doingwas/were+being+doneIwasplantingtreesthistimeyesterday.Treeswerebeingplantedbymethistimeyesterday.一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态tomorrow;nextweekinafewdaysin2020will/shall+doam/is/aregoingto+doam/is/are+doingwill/shallbe+doneam/is/aregoingtobe+doneam/is/arebeingdoneWewilldiscussthisquestioninclasstomorrow.Thisquestionwillbediscussedinclasstomorrow.过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中would/should+dowas/weregoingto+dowas/were+doingwould/shouldbe+donewas/weregoingtobe+donewas/werebeing+doneHesaidhewouldfinishtheworkthenextday.Hesaidtheworkwouldbefinishedthenextday.现在完成时1）表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系。2）表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.1.already,yet,ever,never,just,before等2.和for或since引导的时间状语连用.have/has+donehave/hasbeen+doneTheyhavemadetheboystopcryingalready.Theboyhasbeenmadetostopcryingalready.过去完成时1)过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。2)从过去某一时间开始持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。1）与bythen,by9o’clock,bytheendof,bythetime…,before+过去的时间构成的短语连用。2）过去完成时和already,just,ever,yet等连用。3）与when,before,after，assoonas等引导时间状语的从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后had+donehadbeen+doneTheyhadtoldmethenewsby9o’clockyesterday.Ihadbeentoldthenewsby9o’clockyesterday.Thenewshadbeentoldtomeby9o’clockyesterday.含有情态动词can/may/mustdocan/may/mustbedoneWemusttakegoodcareoftheold.Theoldmustbetakegoodcareofbyus.