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河南科技大学本科生毕业论文I种内和种间竞争对花鼠分散贮藏的影响摘要2009年8-9月在黑龙江省带岭区东方红林场实验地新建的围栏内,研究种内和种间竞争对花鼠分散贮藏行为变化的影响,研究发现:(1)雌性个体的埋藏强度明显高于雄性个体;(2)种间竞争引起花鼠对红松种子分散贮藏比例的增加,而种内竞争不引起花鼠分散贮藏行为的显著变化;(3)种内竞争条件下,同性竞争和异性竞争均对花鼠分散贮藏行为无显著影响;(4)雄性个体在雄性个体竞争下,埋藏强度不变;而在雌性个体竞争下,埋藏强度增加;(5)雌性个体在雌性和雄性竞争条件下,花鼠分散贮藏行为无明显变化。关键词:围栏,红松种子,花鼠,竞争,分散贮藏河南科技大学本科生毕业论文IIEffectsofIntra-andInter-SpecificCompetitiononScatter-HoardingofChipunk(Eutamiassibiricus)ABSTRACTTostudytheeffectsofintra-specificandinter-specificcompetitiononscatter-hoardingofSiberianchipmunk(Eutamiassibiricus),aseriesofexperimentswerecarriedoutinDongfanghongForestDailingDistrictHeilongjiangProvincefromAugusttoSeptember2009.Theresultsshowedthat:(1)Scatter-hoardingintensityofmaleandfemaleindividualsdifferedsignificantly,withfemalesscatter-hoardingmoreseeds;(2)Inter-specificcompetitionincreasedscatter-hoardingofSiberianchipmunk,however,nosignificanteffectwasfoundfromintra-specificcompetition;(3)Regardlessofthesexofcompetedindividuals,bothinter-andintra-sexualcompetitionsshowednosignificantinfluenceonscatter-hoardingofSiberianchipmunk;(4)Inter-sexualcompetitionincreasedscatter-hoardingofmaleindividuals;(5)Bothinter-andintra-sexualcompetitionsshowednosignificantinfluenceonscatter-hoardingoffemaleindividuals.KEYWORDS:Semi-naturalenclosure,Pinuskoraiensis,Eutamiassibiricus,Competition,Scatter-hoarding河南科技大学本科生毕业论文III目录种内和种间竞争对花鼠分散贮藏的影响.................................................................................I摘要.........................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................II目录......................................................................................................................................III符号说明..................................................................................................................................IV第一章文献综述....................................................................................................................51.1花鼠简介.............................................................................................................51.2国内外相关研究进展.........................................................................................51.3本实验研究的目的意义.....................................................................................6第二章试验部分....................................................................................................................72.1研究方法..............................................................................................................72.1.1研究地概况..............................................................................................72.1.2标记与释放..............................................................................................72.1.3围栏设计..................................................................................................72.1.4实验动物..................................................................................................72.1.5实验设计与实验步骤..............................................................................82.1.6统计与分析..............................................................................................92.2研究结果..............................................................................................................92.2.1种间和种内和竞争条件下花鼠的分散贮藏...........................................92.2.2种内同性和异性竞争条件下花鼠的分散贮藏....................................102.3讨论...................................................................................................................122.3.1种内和种间竞争对花鼠分散贮藏的影响............................................122.3.2种内雌雄个体之间竞争对花鼠分散贮藏红松种子行为的影响........12参考文献..................................................................................................................................13致谢........................................................................................................................................15附录.........................................................................................................错误!未定义书签。英文翻译..................................................................................................................................16河南科技大学本科生毕业论文IV符号说明缩略词中文IS原地存留EIS原地取食IAR移动未取食EAR移动后取食CAR移动后埋藏M丢失河南科技大学本科生毕业论文5第一章文献综述1.1花鼠简介花鼠,学名Eutamiassibiricus,属啮齿目,松鼠科。别名:五道眉、花黎棒,体型较小,国内分布于东北、华北、西北和西南部分省区。生活环境大多为平原、丘陵、山林,栖息于林区及林缘灌丛和多低山丘陵的农区,多在树木和灌丛的根际挖洞,或利用梯田埂和天然石缝间穴居。多白天活动,晨昏最活跃,常在地面及倒木上奔跑,亦善爬树,行动敏捷,不时发出刺耳的叫声。以各种坚果、种子、浆果、花、嫩叶为食,有时也吃昆虫、鸟蛋、雏鸟和其他种类小型啮齿动物[1]。有贮存食物习性,入冬前常用颊囊搬运采集到的果实和种子,有时直接用嘴叼回植物的茎叶。采集到的食物有些在洞穴内集中贮藏,最多可达6千克,有些则分散贮藏在活动区域内的落叶下和土壤里。花鼠在春季食物短缺或冬季贮藏食物时,会啃食一定量的树皮和树籽,或钻进仓库盗取粮食,应属农林业有害生物[2]。但是花鼠在取食和贮藏植物种子的过程中,植物种子得以扩散,有些种子萌发,对森林的更新有一定意义。1.2国内外相关研究进展分散贮藏是一种常见的食物贮藏方式[3~6],是许多啮齿动物所采取的一种重要的觅食策略[7]。分散贮藏方式可能是鼠类快速占据丰富却短暂的食物资源的一种竞争性策略[8]。研究表明多种因素影响啮齿动物对食物分散贮藏,其中内部因素有性别、年龄、社群关系、饥饿状态等,外部因素包括食物特征、竞争与盗食环境条件等[11]。啮齿动物进行分散贮藏的原因之一就是为了防止竞争者的盗
本文标题:种内和种间竞争对花鼠分散贮藏的影响
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