英语论文鲁滨逊漂流记论殖民主义

Thesis:OncolonialisminRobinsonCrusoeAbstract:DanielDefoe’sRobinsonCrusoetellsusastoryofanEnglishmanwhoisshipwreckedonadesertedtropicalisland,restlesswithlonelinessanddespair.Whenhestrivesforabettersurvivalenvironment,andfinallymanagestocomebacktoEngland.ThenarratingofthisnovelhasthedirectrelationwiththeEngland’sinvasionandcolony.“Adventure”becamethemainclueinmanyfictionsatthattime.ThenarratorCrusoe’sprocessonthebaldislandshowedtheconstructionoftheEmpire’scolony.SoRobinsonCrusoebecamethemosttypicalcolonialismnarrativetextin18century.RobinsonCrusoeglorifiestheindividualexperienceofordinarypeopleinplainandsimplelanguage,andalsoasapositiveportrayoftheEnglishbourgeoisie.Butthiskindofportraybeautifiescolonialismandslaveryrootinit.Thisthesissetsonthehistoryof18century.Anditisatypicalstudyofhowthecolonistsexerttheculturalruleonthepeopleinthecolonies.Keywords:colonialism,Englishbourgeoisie,18century.1Introduction:DefinitionofcolonialismandcolonialismanalysisColonialismhasdifferentdefinitions.TheAmericanHeritageDictionarysayscolonialismisapolicybywhichanationmaintainsorextendsitscontroloverforeigndependence.WhileOxfordDictionaryOnlinegivesushisunderstandofcolonialismisthatthepolicyorpracticeofacquiringfullofpartialpoliticalcontroloveranothercountry,occupyingitwithsettlersandexploitingiteconomically.Inaword,colonialismisasayingofpowerfulcountryplunderingweaknation.Colonialismistheistheconsequenceofwesterncapitalaccumulation.ItoriginatesfromtheperiodsofDiscoveryandExplorationsince15thcentury.SomecriticsthinkthatitbreakstheseparationoftheOldWorldandtheNewworldandalsoencouragestheexchangeofbothcultures.InRobinsonCrusoe,colonialismexiststillsthebeginningtotheend.Robinsonwasaloneontheisland,butheneededmorelikeaservantthanacompanion.WecanseethatfromtheparthetaughtFridaytospeakEnglishabout“Yes,No,Master”.2RelatedinformationaboutthisnovelanditsauthorDanielDefoeThefullnameofthisnovelisTheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe.Thestoryitselfisrealenoughtohavecomefromasailor’slogbook.Robinsonisayoungmanfromarichfamily.Hisfatherwantshimtobealawyerwhilehisdreamistobeasailor.Onhisnineteenyearsold,hedisregardshisparent’sadviceandsetsouttosea.Whilehissailingisnotthatsmoothwhichhehasimagined.Finally,heisdashedtoanisletbythewaves.Hehasspent28yearsonit,learninggrowingfoodandkeepingfowls.Hecomesbacktothecivilizedworldagainatlast.DanielDefoebornDanielFoe,wasanEnglishtrader,writer,journalistandpamphleteer,whogainedfameforhisnovelRobinsonCrusoeDanielFoe(hisoriginalname)wasborninLondon,Defoelatteraddedthearistocratic-sounding“De”tohisnameandonoccasionclaimeddescentfromthefamilyofDeBeauFaux.Inhiswholelife,hetakesmanyprofessions.DanielDefoe,wasoriginallyamerchantwhowasconcernedmoreabouthisowninterests.Heoncesaid:＂Tradeisthewealthoftheworld.Trademakesthedifferencebetweenrichandpoor,betweenonenationtoanother.＂(Jackson,82)Andattheageofsixty,heturnedtofictionwriting.HisgreatworkRobinsonCrusoewaswrittenatthattime,tillthattheauthorbecamefamousalloverEurope3ThesettingsofthisnovelThepeopleofDefoe’stime,orpreciselyspeaking,therisingEnglishbourgeoisclass,hadlimitlessfaithinman’sabilitytocarvealifeforthemselvesoutofthewilderness.Theywerealwayswitharestlesscuriositytoknowmoreaboutoutsideworld,andwithadesiretoprovetheindividualpowerinthefaceofsocialandnaturalchallenge.Theyeagerlypursuedtheirgoldendreamanddisseminatedtheirreligiousspiritbysettingupcoloniesoverseas.InRobinsonCrusoe,theprotagonistCrusoesucceedsinmasteringhissituation,overcomingtheobstaclesandcontrollingthedespairingenvironmenthefaceswith.Hemeetsmanyunimaginabledifficulties.Inthatdespairingsituation,separatedfromthecivilizedsociety,withoutenoughimplementstoliveanormallifeandnobodyelsetotuneto,Crusoeisoncedepressed.Buthenevergivesuphiswish.Theprotagonististypicaloftherisingbourgeoisieswhoeagertoshowtheirdesireandcapacitytosetupcoloniesoverseasfortheirownwealthandprofits.Atthesametime,throughrelationshipswithFriday,Crusoeshowshismasteryoverthedevelopedpeople,whichhintsslaveryrootincolonialism.Ithasreasonforhimtodoso.Atthattime,Britishpeoplewereconfidentintheirraceandculture.(Clemen,2003)Theybelievedthattheyweresuperiorto“theother”.TheyheldthefaiththatGodwasontheirsaidandcalledthemtodeliversavagesandcivilizethem.4ThecolonialismembodiedonFridayinthisnovelTheformerpartofthenovelprovedthatowningaslavewasreasonable.Fridaylivedinaprimitivetribewiththenatureofman-eatingandalsoavictimofthebloodycustom.Robinsonrepresentedthe”CivilizedWesternMan”whodroveawaytheIndianswithadvancedarms-gunandpower,andthenhewasjusttodeliverFridayfromthecannibals.WhenhemetFriday,hesaidFridaywasmeanttobehisservant.HeclaimedthathewouldleadFridaytoa“happy”life.Inordertothankforhissaving,Fridaywaswillingtobehisservant.Butformthatmoment,thelibertywasdeprived.Fridayhadlefthishometownandhisrelativesforever.Hewasforcedtosufferthehomesickandmissingrelatives.Asweallknow,Fridaylovedrelativesverymuch.Inthisnovel,whenhemethisfather,theaffectionhetreatedhisfathereventouchedRobinson.Itdepictedthat:”…butwhenFridaycametohearhimspe