直接引语变间接引语语法讲解及专项练习(含答案)

1直接引语变间接引语语法讲解一.直接引语和间接引语的定义一字不改的引用货复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分被称为直接引语。直接引语一般置于引号之内（即前后加引号）其位置常在居委或句首，第一个单词首字母必修大写。用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分被称为间接引语。间接引语通常在句中以宾语从句的形式出现。二.直接引语变为间接引语的方法人称人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如：Shesaid.“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，如：HesaidtoKate，Howisyoursisternow?→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如：Mr.Smithsaid，“Jackisagoodworker.”→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.三、时态直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。1.Shesaid.“Wehopeso.”→Shesaidtheyhopedso.(一般现在→一般过去)2.Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend。”→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.(一般将来→过去将来)3.Shesaid,“Iamreadingintheroom.”→Shesaidshewasreadingintheroom.(现在进行→过去进行)但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。①直接引语是客观真理。如：“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth”,theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。四、句型：①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。句中常用say，tell等如：Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.②直接引语如果是反义疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if（是否）引导的宾语.句中常用ask从句.如：Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.“Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?”→HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。句中常用askSheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell/ask,sb.(not)todosth.”句型。如：“Don’tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtothechildren.→Shetoldthechildrennottomakeanynoise.“Bringmeacupoftea,please,”saidshe.2→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.⑤直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词（或从句）。”如：Hesaid,“Let’sgotothefilm.”→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.→Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.直接引语变间接引语专项练习题（1）将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“IamwatchingTV..”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________TV.3.Theteac4.hersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.4.“Doyouhaveapen?”hesaidtome.He______me______I______apen.5.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.6.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.7.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme___________________himthenews.8.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.He______me______Iwasinterestedin______.9.ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”SheaskedTom________________help______.10．Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”Theboytoldusthat______usually_____upatsixeveryday.【2012北京】34.—Canyoutellme____theprize,Tom?—Lastyear.A.whenyougotB.whendidyougetC.whenwillyougetD.whenyouwillget【2012贵州安顺】29.Thepolicewomanaskedthelittleboy______.A．wheredidheliveB．wherehelivedC．whereheliveD．wheredoeshelives【浙江湖州】22.—Doyouknow_____?—NextSunday.A.whattheywilldoB.wheretheywilldoC.whentheywillcomehereD.whotheywillmeet【2011山东临沂】34.Thepolicemanaskedthesmallgirl__________A.whyshewascryingB.whywasshecryingC.whysheiscryingD.whyisshecrying【2011山东枣庄】21.Hesaidthatlight______muchfasterthansound.A.hastravelledB.wentC.travelsD.travelled【2010.河北中考】YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme________?A.whereyoubuyitB.wheredoyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtitD.wheredidyoubuyit【2010·晋江中考】--Wouldyoupleasetellme__________?--At10:00thisevening.A.whenwillthetrainleaveB.whenthetrainwillleaveC.whendoesthetrainleave【2012山东济南】55.—I'mdoingasurvey.Couldyoutellme______?学科王—Sure.Iusuallygotoworkat7:00amA.whyyougotoworkB.howyougotoworkC.whenyougotowork科31．Hesaid:“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”2．Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”3．ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”4．Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”5．Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”.6．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”7．Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”8．Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”9．Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”10．Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”11．Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents.’12．Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.13．Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”14．Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”15．Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.16．Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”17．Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately.18．Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”19．Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”20．Shesaidtous,“I’llcomeheretomorrow.”21．“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?”theyoungmanasked.22．“Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,”thelittleboysaidhappily.23．“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.424．“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?”Maryaskedme.25．“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?”theoldmanaskedmybrother.巩固练习：1.Ourteacheraskedus_____ourdictionariestoschool.A.bringB.broughtC.bringD.tobring2.Theteachertoldtheboystudents______footballonthegrass.A.notplayB.nottoplayC.playedD.playing3.____Tomdidn’tgotoschool?A.Doyouknowh