毕业论文活性炭陶瓷颗粒和硅藻土吸附去除污水中氨氮的研究(初稿)

I活性炭、多孔陶瓷颗粒、硅藻土吸附去除水中氨氮的研究摘要随着我国城市化和工业化进程的加快，人民生活水平的不断提高，我国用水需求正在不断增大；同时我国经济的飞速发展和工业的不断发展，使得水资源保护压力越来越大。水资源短缺和水体污染是目前我国环境保护中亟待解决的问题。我国的水体污染主要是由于各种未经处理或只经过简单处理的含有有毒有害物质的工业废水和生活污水排入天然水体造成的。水体污染主要分为水体富营养化、氨氮污染以及重金属污染。本论文中所使用的水样是实验室自配的氯化铵溶液模拟氨氮废水，采用纳氏试剂光度法研究吸附剂活性炭、多孔陶瓷颗粒和硅藻土对模拟氨氮废水的吸附效果。通过实验研究吸附剂活性炭、多孔陶瓷颗粒和硅藻土吸附去除氨氮的影响因素，包括吸附剂投加量、pH值和接触时间等因素，在此基础上探究确定吸附剂最佳实验条件。同时探寻吸附剂活性炭、多孔陶瓷颗粒和硅藻土的吸附机理和吸附等温线，进行动力学方程的拟合。实验结果表明，在温度为293K，氨氮浓度为50mg/L的条件下，活性炭的最佳投加比例为2g/50mL，最佳反应时间为1h；多孔陶瓷颗粒的最佳投加比例为9g/50mL，最佳吸附时间为1.5h；硅藻土的最佳投加比例为4g/50mL，最佳吸附反应时间为1.5h。在pH值对吸附效果的影响实验中，酸性和碱性条件对吸附剂活性炭、多孔陶瓷颗粒和硅藻土均有改性作用，氨氮去除率均高于中性条件。在各吸附剂的最佳实验条件下，当溶液pH=7.0时，氨氮去除率分别为：65.46%、65.87%和64.63%。关键词：活性炭，多孔陶瓷，硅藻土，吸附，氨氮IISTUDIESONAMMONIA-NITROGENREMOVALFROMWATERWITHACTIVATEDCARBONANDPOROUSCERAMICPARTICLESANDDIATOMITEABSTERACTAlongwiththespeedingupofurbanizationandindustrializationandthecontinuousimprovementofpeople'slivingstandardsmakethewaterdemandinourcountryisincreasing.Atthesametime,therapiddevelopmentofChina'seconomicandindustrialdevelopment,makewaterresourcesprotectionbecomingmoredifficult.Watershortageandwaterpollutionisaproblemthatshouldbesolvedintheenvironmentalprotectionofourcountry.Thewaterpollutioninourcountryismainlyduetoavarietyofuntreatedortreatedthroughsimpleindustrialanddomesticwastewaterwhichcontainstoxicandhazardoussubstancesdischargedintonaturalwaterbodies.Waterpollutionismainlydividedintoeutrophication,ammonianitrogenpollutionandheavymetalpollution.Thewatersamplesusedinthispaperwaspreparedbyammoniumchloridesolutioninthelaboratory.TheresidualammoniacontentwasmeasuredbyNessler’SreagentSpectrophotometric.Westudythefactorsoftheadsorbentsincludingactivatedcarbon,porousceramicparticlesanddiatomitewhichincludetheadsorbentdosage,pHandcontacttimeetc.Anddeterminetheoptimumconditionsoftheadsorbents.Ontheotherhand,weexplorethemechanismofadsorptionandfitadsorptionisothermsofadsorbentsandkineticequations.Theexperimentalresultsshowthattheoptimaldosingproportionofactivatedcarbonis2g/50mL,andforporousceramicparticlesis9g/50mLandfordiatomiteis4g/50mLunderatemperatureof293Kandtheconditionsofammoniaconcentrationof50mg/L.Theoptimumreactiontimewas1hforactivatedcarbon,1.5hforporousceramicparticlesand1.5hfordiatomite,respectively.TheexperimentsoftheeffectofpHontheadsorptionshowthattheadsorbentssuchasactivatedcarbon,porousceramicparticlesanddiatomiteweremodifiedbyhydrochloricacidandsodiumhydroxide.Thereforundertheconditionsofacidandalkalitheammoniaremovalefficiencywashigherthanneutralconditions.AtpH=7.0andundertheoptimumconditionsforeachadsorbent,theammoniaremovalwere65.46%foractivatedcarbon,65.87%forporousceramicparticlesand64.63%fordiatomite,respectively.KEYWORDS:ActivatedCarbon,PorousCeramicParticles,Diatomite,Adsorption,Ammonia-NitrogenIII目录摘要............................................................................................................................................IABSTERACT...........................................................................................................................II目录.........................................................................................................................................III第一章绪论...........................................................................................................................11.1我国水资源现状................................................................................................................11.1.1水资源短缺.............................................................................................................11.1.2水体污染.................................................................................................................1（1）水体富营养化.........................................................................................................2（2）氨氮的污染.............................................................................................................2（3）重金属污染.............................................................................................................31.2污水脱氮技术研究现状....................................................................................................31.2.1物理化学脱氮法.....................................................................................................3（1）吹脱汽提.............................................................................................................3（2）化学沉淀法.............................................................................................................4（3）电解法.....................................................................................................................4（4）湿式催化氧化法.....................................................................................................4（5）膜分离法.................................................................................................................4（6）折点加氯法.............................................................................................................4（7）催化反硝化..........................................................