汽车座椅内导轨焊接夹具设计

I摘要自21世纪以来，随着世界汽车制造业的蒸蒸日上，人们逐渐将注意力放在如何使汽车变得更加奢华、舒适、便携，于是对汽车的各个部件的要求更是精益求精，其中仅仅以座椅的舒适度和安全系数就足够可以将普通制造水平的汽车和制造精良的豪华汽车区别开来。要提高座椅的档次首先其各部件（例如滑动导轨）就必须达到标准，为了获得制作精良的座椅导轨，其焊接夹具的好坏更是获得优质和劣质产品的决定因素。由于我国的汽车焊接夹具设计技术仍处于起步阶段，因此长期以来我国的汽车生产质量和水准与汽车生产强国的水平相距甚远。焊接夹具及其焊装质量直接影响整个导轨的装配精度和生产周期，只有设计精密、制作精良的焊接夹具才能胜任。由此可见，对焊接夹具的设计和研究不容小觑。根据目前汽车焊接夹具的情况和对一些文献、资料的研究，针对汽车座椅内导轨的结构和工作方式等特点，本文将对普遍的汽车座椅内导轨的焊接夹具进行设计，设计出合格可靠的焊接夹具。基于该设计过程，需要对汽车座椅内外导轨的实物与图样、组件、技术要求进行分析，提出最适宜的汽车座椅内导轨的焊接夹具的设计方案。该次设计的主要研究内容为以下几点：（1）对汽车座椅内导轨样本进行初步分析，并初步确定基准面、夹紧力、定位器等要素。（2）详细阐述对焊接工装夹具的设计过程。（3）对焊接夹具进行校核与装配。关键词：汽车；定位：焊接夹具；柔性夹具IIAbstractSincethe21stcentury,astheworldautoindustryprogressesdaybyday,peoplegraduallyfocusonhowtomakethecarmoreluxurious,comfortableandportable,sotherequirementofautomobilepartsisexcellence,whichjustforseatcomfortandsafetyfactorcanbeenoughtodistinguishnormalmanufacturelevelofthecarsfromexquisiteluxurycarsapart.Toenhancethegradeoftheseat,everyparts(suchasslidingguiderail)mustreachthestandard,inordertoobtaingoodseatslideway,thestandorfalloftheweldingjigmustbetheconclusivefactorofaccesstoqualityandinferiorproduct.Duetoourtechnologyofautomobileweldingfixturedesignisstillinitsinfancy,soforalongtimeChina'scarproductionqualityandlevelarefarfromthelevelofautoproductionpower.Weldingjigandweldingqualitydirectlyaffectsthewholeguiderailassemblyaccuracyandproductioncycle,onlydesignprecision,well-madeweldingjigcando.Thus,thedesignandresearchofweldingjigcannotbeeasilyignored.Accordingtothecurrentsituationofautomobileweldingjigandthestudyofsomedocumentsanddata,Aimingatthestructureofcarseatswithintheguidewayandworkingcharacteristics,thispaperwillbebasedonexamplesofcarseatslidewayofweldingjigdesign,designingofqualifiedandreliableweldingjig.Basedonthedesignprocess,weneedtofinishananalysistowardsinsideandoutsideofthecarseats,theguidephysical,patternanalysis,componentsandtechnicalrequirements,putsforwardtheoptimumweldingfixturedesignschemeofthecarseatslideway.Themainresearchcontentspointsofthedesignareasfollows:(1)Analysisthesamplesofcarseatslidewaypreliminary,andtheprimarydatum,clampingforce,thelocatorelements,etc.（2）Thedetaileddesignprocessofweldingfixture.（3）Tocheckandevaluateweldingjig.Keywords:Auto;Location;Weldingjig;FlexiblejigIII目录摘要...........................................错误!未定义书签。Abstract.........................................................................................................................II第1章绪论.................................................................................................................11.1课题研究的背景与意义........................................11.1.1课题研究的背景........................................11.1.2焊接夹具在国内、外的发展..............................11.1.3焊接夹具的设计与意义..................................31.2本课题的设计思路与研究内容..................................31.2.1课题的设计思路........................................31.2.2课题的研究内容........................................31.3本章小结....................................................3第2章工件的定位原理与定位器设计..................................52.1工件的定位原理..............................................52.1.1六点定位原理..........................................52.1.2N-2-1定位原理........................................62.2定位方法及定位器............................................62.2.1定位基准面的确定......................................62.2.2定位器布局与必限自由度的确定..........................72.2.3定位器的材料及技术要求的确定..........................82.3本章小结....................................................9第3章焊接工装夹具的设计.........................................103.1焊接工装夹具的设计原则.....................................103.1.1实用性原则...........................................103.1.2经济性原则...........................................103.1.3可靠性原则...........................................113.1.4艺术性原则...........................................113.2夹紧装置设计...............................................113.2.1夹紧装置的组成与要求.................................113.2.2夹紧装置的分类与初步选择.............................12IV3.2.3夹紧力的初步确定.....................................133.2.4简单夹紧机构的夹紧力的计算...........................143.2.5复合夹紧机构的确定...................................163.3柔性夹具...................................................173.4本章小结...................................................18第4章焊接工装夹具的装配.........................................184.1焊接夹具各部件的选择与确定.................................194.1.1夹具体...............................................194.1.2各种模块.............................................194.1.3多杆夹紧器...........................................204.2焊接夹具的装配.............................................204.2.1分离面的介绍.........................................204.2.2装配方式的确定与装配过程.............................204.3本章小结...................................................21第5章焊接夹具部件的校核与分析...................................225.1汽车座椅内导轨的力学性能...................................225.2导轨的夹紧力与校核.........................................225.3本章小结...................................................23第6章结论.......................................................24参考文献..........................................