英国社会与文化期末作业-The-glorious-revolution

TheGloriousRevolutionBriefintroductionTheGloriousRevolution,alsocalledtheRevolutionof1688,isthenameoftheoverthrowofKingJamesIIofEngland.Williamwasgiventemporarycontrolofthegovernment.Parliamentin1689gavehimandMarytheCrownjointly,providedthattheyaffirmtheBillofRightslistingandcondemningtheabusesofJames.ATolerationActgavefreedomofworshiptoProtestantdissenters.ThisrevolutionwascalledtheGloriousRevolutionbecause,unlikethatof1640to1660,itwasbloodlessandsuccessful:ParliamentwasprinciplesandEnglandprosperous.BackgroundIn1685,despitethewidespreadoppositionathomeandabroad,JamesIIagainstthegovernmentsetaboutbannedCatholicsfrompublicofficebefore“oathregulations”,appointedCatholicservedinthearmy.Sincethen,moreCatholicswereappointedtogovernmentagencies,churches,importantpositionsofuniversity.InApril1687andApril1688hasreleasedtwodeclarationofindulgence,givenallnonestablishmentarianism,includingCatholics,forreligiousfreedom,andorderedthechurches’bishopsintheareaoftheworld,onthatcause,thechurchesofEnglandbishopswidespreadopposition.Atthesametime,JamesII’scruelpersecutionofpuritans,andtendtodrawclosetoBritishindustrymaincompetitors-France,thatisaseriousdamagetotheinterestsofthebourgeoisieandthenewaristocracyinEngland.DevelopmentTosafeguardtheinterestsofthebourgeoisieandthenewaristocracyinEngland,someofthemostinfluentialleadersoftheToriesunitedwithmembersoftheoppositionWhigsandsetouttoresolvethecrisisbyinvitingWilliamofOrangetoEngland,aProtestantandstadtholderoftheNetherlandsandhusbandoftheking’selderdaughter,Mary,tocometosafeguardMary’sinheritance,hadindicatedasaconditionforamilitaryintervention.Afterconsolidatingpoliticalandfinancialsupport,WilliamcrossedtheNorthSeaandEnglishChannelwithalargeinvasionfleeton5November1688,landingatTorbay,andKingJamesII’sarmyhavingdesertedtoWilliam.William'ssuccessfulinvasionofEnglandwithaDutchfleetandarmyledtohisascendingfortheCrownasWilliamIIIofEnglandjointlywithhiswifeMaryIIofEnglandinFebruary1689.ThehistoricalsignificanceoftheGloriousRevolution1.Overthrewthefeudalmonarchyandestablishedaconstitutionalmonarchy.2.IthasclearedthewayfortherapiddevelopmentofBritishcapitalism,hasanimportantinfluenceonEuropeandNorthAmerica.3.Openedupaworldofbourgeoisrevolutionera.4.Createdthesystemofcapitalism.5.Foreignaggression,bringbeeninvadedthecountryandthepeople'sseveredisasters.6.Foreignaggression,objectivelyspreadthewesterncapitalistcivilization.ConclusionTheGloriousRevolutionmadetheBritishparliamentendedinavictoryfortheking'sstruggleandcometoanend,itwasavictoryofWhigprinciplesandTorypragmatism.Itcompletedaregimechangeinbloodlessway,makestheparliamentissupremeprincipleandotherconstitutionalprinciplesunremittingstrivefortheirpredecessorshasbeenestablished,markedanewepochinthehistoryofmankind,ithasbecomeourimportantmilestoneinthehistoryofconstitutionalgovernment.