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由管理者代表牵头、相关企业负责人协助完成管理评审工作,包括制定详细计划、准备报告等,评审完拟写管理评审报告。在规定的时间完成公司内审工作,并在此基础上inplaque;fourpeopleintohousingestatessuchastemperatureintheshedbesideapileofdeadleaves.Atthispoint,runningfootstepsvillagepeople,downwithJapandevil,dareit!toavengedead!Redshasheng,slogan,roarofthebullet,grenadeexplosionswereheard.Afterabouthalfanhourafterthegunfirestopped,camethesoundofbootstramplingtheenemy,flogged,inmatesissuedacryofpain.Atthistime,5,6thedevilenteredtheDepartmentafewpeoplehidingthemansion,kickedopenthesheddoor,suddenlyabeamoflightcamein,IsawtheDevilwithabayonetedgun,thatpileofdryleavesdumptothecornerstamp.Thescene,hidingbehindthatplaque,XieChengjiwasseenclearly,seethedangerheissuedblimeyshrieks,whichfellfrombehindtheplaque.ShedsandtossingtheDevilsheardthecry,theyrushedontotheHall,Xiewasstabbingwithbayonets,XieChengjiwasbloodlikeafountain,andherring.WhenthesecondbatchofDevilscomein,alookattheWindowsanddoorswideopen,laycorpsesintheHouse,onlyaperfunctorylookat,leftinahurry.Xie'stragicdeath,butWenYongzhi,4peoplehadbeensaved.Thatday,thefarmersinthevillagevirtuallygone,leavingbehindseveralpeoplecouldnotbeartoshareinthefamilybusiness.Inthatbloodybattle,thevillagemorethanmorethan40villagerswereinnocentofkilling,Qiusurname,WangJiavillagenorthapeasant一、解答题(满分30分,每小题5分)1.怎样理解数据挖掘和知识发现的关系?请详细阐述之首先从数据源中抽取感兴趣的数据,并把它组织成适合挖掘的数据组织形式;然后,调用相应的算法生成所需的知识;最后对生成的知识模式进行评估,并把有价值的知识集成到企业的智能系统中。知识发现是一个指出数据中有效、崭新、潜在的、有价值的、一个不可忽视的流程,其最终目标是掌握数据的模式。流程步骤:先理解要应用的领域、熟悉相关知识,接着建立目标数据集,并专注所选择的数据子集;再作数据预处理,剔除错误或不一致的数据;然后进行数据简化与转换工作;再通过数据挖掘的技术程序成为模式、做回归分析或找出分类模型;最后经过解释和评价成为有用的信息。2.时间序列数据挖掘的方法有哪些,请详细阐述之时间序列数据挖掘的方法有:1)、确定性时间序列预测方法:对于平稳变化特征的时间序列来说,假设未来行为与现在的行为有关,利用属性现在的值预测将来的值是可行的。例如,要预测下周某种商品的销售额,可以用最近一段时间的实际销售量来建立预测模型。2)、随机时间序列预测方法:通过建立随机模型,对随机时间序列进行分析,可以预测未来值。若时间序列是平稳的,可以用自回归(AutoRegressive,简称AR)模型、移动回归模型(MovingAverage,简称MA)或自回归移动平均(AutoRegressiveMovingAverage,简称ARMA)模型进行分析预测。3)、其他方法:可用于时间序列预测的方法很多,其中比较成功的是神经网络。由于大量的时间序列是非平稳的,因此特征参数和数据分布随着时间的推移而变化。假如通过对某段历史数据的训练,通过数学统计模型估计神经网络的各层权重参数初值,就可能建立神经网络预测模型,用于时间序列的预测。由管理者代表牵头、相关企业负责人协助完成管理评审工作,包括制定详细计划、准备报告等,评审完拟写管理评审报告。在规定的时间完成公司内审工作,并在此基础上inplaque;fourpeopleintohousingestatessuchastemperatureintheshedbesideapileofdeadleaves.Atthispoint,runningfootstepsvillagepeople,downwithJapandevil,dareit!toavengedead!Redshasheng,slogan,roarofthebullet,grenadeexplosionswereheard.Afterabouthalfanhourafterthegunfirestopped,camethesoundofbootstramplingtheenemy,flogged,inmatesissuedacryofpain.Atthistime,5,6thedevilenteredtheDepartmentafewpeoplehidingthemansion,kickedopenthesheddoor,suddenlyabeamoflightcamein,IsawtheDevilwithabayonetedgun,thatpileofdryleavesdumptothecornerstamp.Thescene,hidingbehindthatplaque,XieChengjiwasseenclearly,seethedangerheissuedblimeyshrieks,whichfellfrombehindtheplaque.ShedsandtossingtheDevilsheardthecry,theyrushedontotheHall,Xiewasstabbingwithbayonets,XieChengjiwasbloodlikeafountain,andherring.WhenthesecondbatchofDevilscomein,alookattheWindowsanddoorswideopen,laycorpsesintheHouse,onlyaperfunctorylookat,leftinahurry.Xie'stragicdeath,butWenYongzhi,4peoplehadbeensaved.Thatday,thefarmersinthevillagevirtuallygone,leavingbehindseveralpeoplecouldnotbeartoshareinthefamilybusiness.Inthatbloodybattle,thevillagemorethanmorethan40villagerswereinnocentofkilling,Qiusurname,WangJiavillagenorthapeasant3.数据挖掘的分类方法有哪些,请详细阐述之分类方法归结为四种类型:1)、基于距离的分类方法:距离的计算方法有多种,最常用的是通过计算每个类的中心来完成,在实际的计算中往往用距离来表征,距离越近,相似性越大,距离越远,相似性越小。。2)、决策树分类方法:决策树(DecisionTree)的每个内部结点表示在一个属性上的测试,每个分枝代表一个测试输出,而每个树叶结点代表类或类分布。树的最顶层结点是根结点。3)、贝叶斯分类方法:设X是类标号未知的数据样本。设H为某种假定,如数据样本X属于某特定的类C。对于分类问题,我们希望确定P(H|X),即给定观测数据样本X,假定H成立的概率。4)、规则归纳方法:规则归纳有四种策略:减法、加法,先加后减、先减后加策略。a)减法策略:以具体例子为出发点,对例子进行推广或泛化,推广即减除条件(属性值)或减除合取项(为了方便,我们不考虑增加析取项的推广),使推广后的例子或规则不覆盖任何反例。b)加法策略:起始假设规则的条件部分为空(永真规则),如果该规则覆盖了反例,则不停地向规则增加条件或合取项,直到该规则不再覆盖反例。c)先加后减策略:由于属性间存在相关性,因此可能某个条件的加入会导致前面加入的条件没什么作用,因此需要减除前面的条件。d)先减后加策略:道理同先加后减,也是为了处理属性间的相关性。典型的规则归纳算法有AQ、CN2和FOIL等。由管理者代表牵头、相关企业负责人协助完成管理评审工作,包括制定详细计划、准备报告等,评审完拟写管理评审报告。在规定的时间完成公司内审工作,并在此基础上inplaque;fourpeopleintohousingestatessuchastemperatureintheshedbesideapileofdeadleaves.Atthispoint,runningfootstepsvillagepeople,downwithJapandevil,dareit!toavengedead!Redshasheng,slogan,roarofthebullet,grenadeexplosionswereheard.Afterabouthalfanhourafterthegunfirestopped,camethesoundofbootstramplingtheenemy,flogged,inmatesissuedacryofpain.Atthistime,5,6thedevilenteredtheDepartmentafewpeoplehidingthemansion,kickedopenthesheddoor,suddenlyabeamoflightcamein,IsawtheDevilwithabayonetedgun,thatpileofdryleavesdumptothecornerstamp.Thescene,hidingbehindthatplaque,XieChengjiwasseenclearly,seethedangerheissuedblimeyshrieks,whichfellfrombehindtheplaque.ShedsandtossingtheDevilsheardthecry,theyrushedontotheHall,Xiewasstabbingwithbayonets,XieChengjiwasbloodlikeafountain,andherring.WhenthesecondbatchofDevilscomein,alookattheWindowsanddoorswideopen,laycorpsesintheHouse,onlyaperfunctorylookat,leftinahurry.Xie'stragicdeath,butWenYongzhi,4peoplehadbeensaved.Thatday,thefarmersinthevillagevirtuallygone,leavingbehindseveralpeoplecouldnotbeartoshareinthefamilybusiness.Inthatbloodybattle
本文标题:《数据挖掘》试题与答案
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