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第I页数字有线电视DVB-C信道编码器与解码器摘要数字电视,是将传统的模拟电视信号经过抽样、量化和编码转换成用二进制数代表的数字式信号,然后进行各种功能的处理、传输、存储和记录,也可以用电子计算机进行处理、监测和控制。采用数字技术不仅使各种电视设备获得比原有模拟式设备更高的技术性能,而且还具有模拟技术不能达到的新功能,使电视技术进入崭新时代。从数字电视的发展和基本组成,引出有线数字电视系统的基本构成和标准,本课题主要按照DVB-C接收数字电缆电视的技术标准设计并实现“标准清晰度数字电视机顶盒”中的信道编码器与解码器,本课题着重分析了有线数字电视DVB-C的信道编码与解码。关键字:数字电视,信道编码,解码第II页目录1绪论·····························································································11.1数字电视机的概述······································································11.2数字电视广播系统的组成及分类····················································12有线数字电视·················································································22.1有线数字电视基本的构成·····························································22.2有线数字电视基本的标准·····························································32.3DVB-C标准简述········································································42.3.1DVB-C发射系统···································································42.3.2DVB-C接收系统···································································53有线数字电视的编码与解码·······························································63.1信道编码··················································································63.1.1信道编码的作用····································································63.1.2数据随机化···········································································63.1.3RS编码算法·········································································63.1.4数据交织·············································································83.2DVB-C信道解码技术··································································93.2.1解交织················································································93.2.2RS解码···············································································93.2.3解扰··················································································10总结·······························································································11致谢·······························································································12参考文献·························································································13课程设计说明书第1页1绪论1.1数字电视机的概述电视技术,经历着从黑白电视到彩色电视的发展过程,数字电视是继黑白电视和彩色电视之后的第三代电视。所谓数字电视,是将传统的模拟电视信号经过抽样、量化和编码转换成用二进制数代表的数字式信号,然后进行各种功能的处理、传输、存储和记录,也可以用电子计算机进行处理、监测和控制。采用数字技术不仅使各种电视设备获得比原有模拟式设备更高的技术性能,而且还具有模拟技术不能达到的新功能,使电视技术进入崭新时代。近十多年来,由于微电子技术、超大规模集成电路技术、数字信号处理技术、计算机技术的突飞猛进,使数字电视的发展已取得了令人鼓舞的成果。特别是数字图像获取、数字存储、位图打印和图形显示的数字设备的出现,带来了许多数字图像方面的应用。数字电视利用MPEG标准中的各种图像格式,把现行模拟电视制式下的图像、伴音信号的平均码率压缩到大约4.69―21Mbps,其图像质量可以达到电视演播室的质量水平,胶片质量水平,图像水平清晰度达到500―1200线以上,并采用AC―3声音信号压缩技术,传输5.1声道的环绕声信号。⑴图像和伴音质量高、抗干扰能力强;⑵频道数量将成数倍增加;⑷操作性强;⑸便于网络化;⑹具有开放性和兼容性;1.2数字电视广播系统的组成及分类数字电视系统由信源、信源编码器、信道编码器、信道、信道解码器、信源解码器、信宿等部分组成,如图1所示。课程设计说明书第2页图1数字通信系统的组成框图数字电视广播系统包括有线数字电视广播,卫星数字电视广播系统和地面数字电视广播系统三种传输系统。卫星和有线数字广播系统的信道编码和高频调制技术国标已有公认的,优化的方式,就是DVB-C有线数字电视传输系统和DVB-S卫星数字电视传输系统。2有线数字电视2.1有线数字电视基本的构成有线电视系统是采用缆线(电缆或光缆)等作为传输媒质来传送电视节目的一种闭路电视系统CCTV(Closed-circuittelevision)[用CCTV称呼有线电视系统,容易与中国中央电视台的简称CCTV(ChinaCentralTelevision),所以国内常常使用CATV这个词(共用天线系统/有线电视CommunityAntennaTelevision)],它以有线的方式在电视中心和用户终端之间传递声、像信息。所谓闭路,是指不向自由空间辐射,可供电视接收机通过无线接收方式直接接受的电磁波。基本组成:接收信号源、前端设备、干线传输系统(如干线放大器(AGC)、(ASC)和干线电缆或光缆)、用户分配网络、用户终端(电视接收、调频广播、线缆调制解调器(CableModem,PC机、IP电话等)等。如图2所示。课程设计说明书第3页图2有线数字电视基本的构成2.2有线数字电视基本的标准有线数字电视根据不同的指标主要分类如表1所示:表1有线数字电视基本标准DVB-CATSC-64QAMATSC-16VSBISDB-C调制方式16-64QAM64QAM16VSB64QAM带宽8MHz6MHz6MHz6MHz传输速41.34Mb43.05Mb/30.31Mb/课程设计说明书第4页率31.64Mb/s/sss滚将悉数15%15%11.5%18%纠错编码RS(204,188)RS(128,122)RS(207,187)RS(204,188)压宿方式MPEG-22.3DVB-C标准简述DVB-C标准以有线电视网作为传输介质,应用范围广。它具有16、32、64、128和256QAM五种方式,工作频率在10GHz以下。2001年国家广电总局已颁布行业标准:《有线数字电视广播信道编码和调制规范》,该标准等同于DVB-C标准。DVB-C传输采用QAM(正交振幅调制)方式,该传输系统是一个全数字的通信系统,它与传统的模拟电视传输系统有着本质性的区别。DVB-C标准的传输系统分为信源编解码和信道编解码两部分。其中,信道编解码包括前向纠错编码、译码、调制、解调和上、下变频几部分。DVB-C传输系统具有如下的主要特点:可与多种节目源相适配,DVB-C传输系统所传送的节目既可来源于从卫星系统接收下来的节目,又可来源于本地电视节目,以及其它节目信号;可用于标准数字电视又可用于高清晰度数字电视。2.3.1DVB-C发射系统DVB-C发射前端信道部分框图,如图3所示。在发射端,可接收卫星电视信号、本地节目源(视频服务器)或互联网信息,经过MPEG-2传送复用器后的输入码流是固定数据包格式,包长188拜特(包括同步字节)。在信道部分,先进行数据流随机化以频谱成形;外码使用截短的RS码编码生成误码保护包;随后的处理是对误码保护包进行深度I=12的卷积交织;其后将字节转换为QAM符号,并对该符号的最高两位差分编码,以获得旋转不变的星座图,并映射到I/Q两路,用来降低载波相位模糊;随后对FQ信号升余弦滚降滤波的基带成形;最后完成QAM调制后,将己调信号送入有线射频(RF)信道。课程设计说明书第5页图3DVB-C发射前端信道部分框图2.3.2DVB-C接收系统DVB-C接收系统框图,如图4所示。图4DVB-C接收系统框图主要由调谐器、A/D变换器、QAM解调、匹配滤波均衡、载波和位同步恢复、符号/字节转换、差分译码、去交织、RS译码、去扰码、解多工复用、MPEG-2解压缩等部分组成,其组成原理框图如图4所示:信道部分传来的信号经传输层解复用还原压缩的MPEG-2视频、音频及多媒体数据信号,经解压处理恢复数字视频信号和数字多声道伴音信号,再经视频编码电路输出NTSC/PAL等制式的电视信号。CPU负责接收机的初始化及对电路各部分的协调控制和数据信号处理等。另外,还提供遥控输入接口、通用异步传输接口(UART)、IEEEI284并行口、I2C串行总线控制端口、调制解调器等外围部件。课程设计说明书第6页3有线数字电视的编码与解码3.1信道编码3.1.1信道编码的作用新源编码是对于数字演播室给出的图像信号数据流内的空间和时间信息冗余大量删除,以降低信源数据库,提高信息传输效率,降低数据率,而信道编码的主要目的是提高系统的抗干扰能力。也称为差错控制编码,以使得在传输中在各种干扰因素场合下接收端仍有良好的正确接收能力,获得应有的高质量图像和声音。对信道编码的要求主要有以下几点:(1)编码效率高,抗干扰能力强;(2)对信号有良好的透明性,也即传输通道对于传输的信号内容不加限制;(3)传输信号的频谱特性与传输信道的通频带有最佳的匹配性;(4)编码信号内包含有数据定时信息和帧同步信息,以便接收端准确地解码;(5)编码的数字信号具有适当的电平范围;(6)发生误码时,误码的扩散蔓延小。3.1.2数据随机化DVB随机化以8个数据包为周期,每8个传送包的开始时将序列“1001010100
本文标题:数字有线电视DVB-C信道编码器与解码器
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