江苏省苏州市2014高考英语三轮冲刺阅读理解寓乐于练9

-1-江苏省苏州市2014高考英语阅读理解寓乐于练阅读理解(2013·重庆，E)ItisidelyknownthatanyEnglishconversationbeginswithTheWeather.SuchafixationwiththeweatherfindsexpressioninDr.Johnson'sfamouscommentthat“WhentwoEnglishmeet,theirfirsttalkisofweather.”ThoughJohnson'sobservationisasaccuratenowasitwasovertwohundredyearsago,mostcommentatorsfailtocomeupwithaconvincingexplanationforthisEnglishweatherspeak.BillBryson,forexample,concludesthat,astheEnglishweatherisnotatallexciting,theobsessionwithitcanhardlybeunderstood.Hearguesthat“Toanoutsider,themoststrikingthingabouttheEnglishweatheristhatthereisnotverymuchofit.”Simply,thereasonisthattheunusualandunpredictableweatherisalmostunknownintheBritishIsles.JeremyPaxman,however,disagreeswithBryson,arguingthattheEnglishinterestisbynatureattractive.Brysoniswrong,hesays,becausetheEnglishpreferencefortheweatherhasnothingtodowiththenaturalphenomena.“Theinterestislessinthephenomenathemselves,butinuncertainty.”Accordingtohim,theweatherinEnglandisverychangeableanduncertainanditattractstheEnglishaswellastheoutsider.BrysonandPaxmanstandforcommonmisconceptionsabouttheweatherspeakamongtheEnglish.Bothcommentators,somehow,aremissingthepoint.TheEnglishweatherconversationisnotreallyabouttheweatheratall.Englishweatherspeakisasystemofsigns,whichisdevelopedtohelpthespeakersovercomethenaturalreserveandactuallytalktoeachother.Everyoneknowsconversationsstartingwithweatherspeakarenotrequestsforweatherdata.Rather,theyareroutinegreetings,conversationstartersortheblank“fillers”.Inotherwords,Englishweatherspeakisameansofsocialbonding.文章大意：本文为议论文，上来点题：英语对话往往从天气开始。后面具体的介绍几个对此有不同理解的人以及他们的观点。17．TheauthormentionsDr.Johnson'scommenttoshowthat________.A．mostcommentatorsagreewithDr.Johnson.B．Dr.JohnsonisfamousforhisweatherconversationC．thecommentwasaccuratetwohundredyearsagoD．Englishconversationsusuallystartwiththeweather-2-答案：D文章第一句话提到：众所周知，英语的对话往往从天气开始，然后举例说明，显然举例的目的就是表明英语的对话往往从天气开始，故D项正确。18．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obsession”mostprobablyreferto?A．Asocialtrend.B．Anemotionalstate.C．Ahistoricalconcept.D．Anunknownphenomenon.答案：B词意猜测题。由语境可知，Bill认为因为英国天气一点也不令人兴奋，因此用它对话时表达出来的________难以理解。兴奋应是与人的情感状态有关，故B项正确。19．Accordingtothepassage,JeremyPaxmanbelievesthat________.A．BillBrysonhaslittleknowledgeoftheweatherB．thereisnothingspecialabouttheEnglishweatherC．theEnglishweatherattractspeopletotheBritishIslesD．Englishpeopletalkabouttheweatherforitsuncertainty答案：D细节理解题。由文章第三段信息Theinterestislessinthephenomenathemselves,butinuncertainty.可知D项正确。20．Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A．ToexplainwhatEnglishweatherspeakisabout.B．ToanalysemisconceptionsabouttheEnglishweather.C．TofindfaultwithbothBillBrysonandJeremyPaxman.D．ToconvincepeoplethattheEnglishweatherischangeable.答案：A主旨大意题。文章主要讲述英语对话以天气开始的一些事情，故A项正确。阅读理解(2013·辽宁，C)Hereisanastonishingandsignificantfact:Mentalworkalonecan'tmakeustired.Itsoundsabsurd.Butafewyearsago,scientiststriedtofindouthowlongthehumanbraincouldlaborwithoutreachingastageoffatigue(疲劳).Totheamazementofthesescientists,theydiscoveredthatbloodpassingthroughthebrain,whenitisactive,showsnofatigueatall!Ifwetookadropofbloodfromadaylaborer,wecouldfinditfulloffatiguetoxins(霉素)andfatigueproducts.ButifwetookbloodfromthebrainofanAlbertEinstein,itwouldshownofatiguetoxinsattheendoftheday.Sofarasthebrainisconcerned,itcanworkaswellandswiftlyattheendof-3-eightoreventwelvehoursofeffortsasatthebeginning.Thebrainistotallytireless.Sowhatmakesustired?Somescientistsdeclarethatmostofourfatiguecomesfromourmentalandemotional(情感的)attitudes.OneofEngland'smostoutstandingscientists,J.A.Hadfield,says，“Thegreaterpartofthefatiguefromwhichwesufferisofmentalorigin.Infact,fatigueofpurelyphysicaloriginisrare.”Dr.Brill,afamousAmericanscientist,goesevenfurther.Hedeclares，“Onehundredpercentofthefatigueofasittingworkeringoodhealthisduetoemotionalproblems.”Whatkindsofemotionsmakesittingworkerstired?Joy?Satisfaction?No!Afeelingofbeingbored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,afeelingofnotbeingappreciated—thosearetheemotionsthattiresittingworkers.Hardworkbyitselfseldomcausesfatigue.Wegettiredbecauseouremotionsproducenervousnessinthebody.文章大意：最新的研究发现：持续的脑力劳动并不使人疲劳，真正使人疲劳的是一些精神上的消极情绪。12．Whatsurprisedthescientistsafewyearsago?A．Fatiguetoxinscouldhardlybefoundinalaborer'sblood.B．AlbertEinsteindidn'tfeelwornoutafteraday'swork.C．Thebraincouldworkformanyhourswithoutfatigue.D．Amentalworker'sbloodwasfilledwithfatiguetoxins.答案：C细节理解题。从第一段的Totheamazementofthesescientists,theydiscoveredthatbloodpassingthroughthebrain,whenitisactive,showsnofatigueatall！可知答案。13．Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcanmakesittingworkerstired?A．Challengingmentalwork.B．Unpleasantemotions.C．Endlesstasks.D．Physicallabor.答案：B细节理解题。从第三段的Onehundredpercentofthefatigueofasittingworkeringoodhealthisduetoemotionalproblems.可知答案。14．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthescientists'ideas?A．Heagreeswiththem.B．Hedoubtsthem.C．Hearguesagainstthem.D．Hehesitatestoacceptthem.答案：A推理判断题。从文章的最后一段的Wegettiredbecauseouremotionsproduce-4-nervousnessinthebody可知，作者同意科学家的观点。15．Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinordertostayenergetic,sitt