译林苏教版英语5A语法归纳

五年级英语语法总结一．1.therebe句型表示“某处有某物”。be动词要根据“物”的单复数变化：单数is，复数are,不可数名词用is.例：Thereisabookonthedesk.Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Thereissomeorangejuiceintheglass.2.therebe句型变一般疑问句时,be动词提前,some变为any。例：Isthereabookonthedesk?Yes,thereis.Arethereanybooksonthedesk?No,therearen’t.Isthereanyorangejuiceintheglass?Yes,thereis.3.就近原则：be动词根据离它最近名词单复数选择is或are。例：Thereisaswingandtwoslidesinthegarden.Therearetwoslidesandaswinginthegarden.4.某处没有某物例：Thereisnobreadontheplate.Thereisn’tanybreadontheplate.Therearen’tanypicturesontheplate.二．have,has表示“某人有某物”1.have用于I,we,you,they或复数人称：I/We/You/They/BenandMikehaveatable.2.has用于第三人称单数（he,she,it，单数人称）He/She/Myfatherhasabike.3.疑问句：Whatdoyouhave?Ihaveadoll.Whatdoeshehave?Hehasabook..三．howmany(多少)后的可数名词要用复数。Howmanybusesarethere?Therearetwenty.四．介词归类inonunderbehindnear在…里面在…上面在…下面在…后面在…旁边五．疑问词归类whatwherewhenwhichwhy什么哪里什么时间哪一个为什么whowho’swhosehowhowold谁是谁谁的怎么样多大howmanyhowmuchhowaboutwhattime多少多少（钱）…怎么样几点六．星期归类SundayMondayTuesdayWednesday星期天星期一星期二星期三ThursdayFridaySaturday星期四星期五星期六在星期几前用介词onImakemodelplanesonSunday.七．like+名词复数Iliketoyhorses.like+动词ing(V-ing)Ilikecooking.八．现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作。构成：be动词（am/is/are）+V-ing如变一般疑问句,be动词提前,见到“我”变成“你”（I变you，we变you）例：Iamstanding.→Areyoustanding?Yes,Iam.Heissitting.→Ishesitting?No,heisn’t.Wearerunning.→Areyourunning?Yes,weare.动词V+ing的构成规则1.一般情况下加ing:sleeping,playing,doing2.一个元音+一个辅音结尾的词，双写这一辅音字母再加ing:running,sitting,swimming3.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e加ing：have→having,write→writing,live→living,like→liking,dance→dancing九．do,does都有“做”的意思，用在有动词的句子里，它们的用法区别如下：1.does用于第三人称单数（he,she,it,单数人称）Whatdoeshehave?Hehasapot.DoesMikegotoschool?Yes,hedoes.2.do用于其他人称（I,we,you,they,复数人称）Howmanyblanketsdoyouhave?Ihavetwo.Dotheylikefootball?No,theydon’t.十．代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称Imemymineweusourours第二人称youyouyouryoursyouyouyouryours第三人称hehimhishissheherherhersitititsitstheythemtheirtheirs1.动词后用宾格:Shecanseeme.MsWuteachesusEnglish.2.形容词性物主代词+名词:Thisismybook.Herpenisonthedesk.3.名词性物主代词后什么都不加:Thisbookismine.Thepenonthedeskishers.十一.开音节和闭音节1.开音节有两种：①以元音字母结尾的音节叫开音节。例：we,she,go②以辅音字母+不发音的e结尾（r除外）的音节，也叫开音节。例：name,white,driver,baker等。元音字母在开音节中读该字母的名称音：a//,e//,i//,o//,u//2.闭音节：以一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾的重读音节叫闭音节。例：map,desk,sit,clock,cup等。元音字母在闭音节中读短音：a//,e//,i//,o//,u//.3.a①在开音节中读//:bookcase,baseball,late,make,plane②在闭音节中读//:bag,cap,tap,happy,hat,black③在辅音字母f,n,s前一般发//:after,basketball,classe①在开音节中读//:evening,see,me②在闭音节中读//:desk,dress,egg,helpi①在开音节中读//:bike,hide,nine②在闭音节中读//:big,chips,ill,ino①在开音节中读//:close,hello,over,nose②在闭音节中读//:on,job,hot,dog