高考英语复习状语从句全面讲解和真题分析

副词性从句——状语从句步步高培训学校一.基本概念•1.什么是状语？由哪些词来做状语？状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等担当。例句：①Naturally,ourgrandparentswerepleasedtogetourphonecall.(副词)②Weworkedhard,fromsunrisetosunset.(介词状短语)③Tohelpmydisabledaunt,Ispendanhourworkinginherhouseeveryday.(不定式)④Seenfromadistance,thefarmhouselookeddeserted.(过去分词)•2.什么是状语从句？在句子中起状语作用的句子就是状语从句，用来修饰主句或者主句的谓语。二.状语从句的种类AdverbialClausesofTime（时间状语从句）AdverbialClausesofReason(原因状语从句）AdverbialClausesofConditions(条件状语从句）AdverbialClausesofPlace(地点状语从句）AdverbialClausesofPurpose(目的状语从句)AdverbialClausesofResult(结果状语从句)AdverbialClausesofComparison（比较状语从句）AdverbialClausesofConcession(让步状语从句）AdverbialClausesofManner(方式状语从句)•1.时间状语从句：常用引导词：when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until特殊引导词：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday，theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when例句：①Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.②WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.③Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果园)themomenttheysawtheguard.•2.原因状语从句：常用引导词：because,since,as,for特殊引导词：seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat.•例句：•①MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.•②Nowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.•③Consideringthatheisnomorethan12yearsold,hisheightof1.80misquiteremarkable.•3.条件状语从句：常用引导词：if,unless,特殊引导词：as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthat•例句：①We’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.②Youwillcertainlysucceedas/solongasyoukeepontrying.③Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.•4.地点状语从句：常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever,anywhere,everywhere例句：①Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.②Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.•5.目的状语从句：常用引导词：sothat,inorderthat特殊引导词：lest,incase,forfearthat，inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat例句：①Thebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem.②Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.•6.结果状语从句：常用引导词：so…that,such…that,特殊引导词：suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat例句：①Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.②It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.•7.比较状语从句：•常用引导词：as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：themore…themore…;justas…，so…;AistoBwhat/asXistoY;no…morethan;notAsomuchasB•例句：①Sheisasbad-temperedashermother.②Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.③Foodistomenwhatoilistomachine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。•8.让步状语从句：•常用引导词：though,although,evenif,eventhough特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while(一般用在句首)，nomatter…，inspiteofthefactthat,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever•例句：①MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.②Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.③Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.④Hewon’tlistenwhateveryoumaysay.•9.方式状语从句:常用引导词：as,asif,how特殊引导词：theway例句:①WheninRome,doastheRomando.②Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.③Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.三.状语从句中的考点和难点•1.几类状语从句中引导词的基本用法和区别•2.状语从句的时态问题•3.状语从句的省略问题•4.状语从句的倒装问题•5.状语从句的虚拟语气问题•6.状语从句与其他从句的区分区别1.几类状语从句中引导词的基本用法和区别：1）时间状语从句中when，while，as的区别：见下页表格！whenwhileas动作先后同时发生或先发生同时发生同时发生时间内涵时间点或时间段时间段时间段时态规定从句用一般现在时表示将来时间从句用进行时态从句与主句时态一致动词延续性持续动词或短暂动词持续动词持续动词Eg:1).Whenhecomesheretomorrow,I’llcallyou.(when=atthattime)2）Whilehewaswalkinginthestreet,hemetTim=Whenhewaswalkinginthestreet,hemethim.3)Astheywerepickingtea,thegirlsweresinginghappily.(as:一边......一边……,随着）4)Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.(这里的while是等立连词不是从属连词，表示“然而，却”)•2）.时间状语从句的中的till、until和not…until：肯定句:主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词,主从句都为肯定式,意为“某一动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。Eg:Youmaystayhereuntil/tilltherainstops.Heremainedthereuntil/tillshearrived.否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。Eg:Hewillnotgotobeduntil(till)hismothercomes.Untilshetoldme,Ihadnoideaofwhattheyhadsaid.注意:till不可置于句首。•3）.时间状语从句中before和since的用法：1)Beforehereturned,hismotherhadpreparedfoodforhim.(在…之前)2)Thefirelastedfourhoursbeforethefirefighterscouldcontrolit.(……才)3)BeforeIcouldspeaktohim,hehadlefthurriedly.(没来得及)4)Writedownthetelephonenumberbeforeyouforgetit.(趁;以免)5)Ihadn’twaitedlongbeforehecameback.(就)6)GetoutbeforeIcallthepolice.(否则;要不然)8)Itis/was/willbe+sometime+before-clause(多久以后才……)Eg:ItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback.Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.since=(fromthetimethat)9）主句现在完成时+since+clause（一般过去时）：Eg:1).Ihaveknownhimeversincehewasaboy.2).IhaveworkedheresinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.3).Itis(hasbeen)twoyearssincehecamehere.•4）.时间状语从句中Bythetime的用法：这个词组常用来指到某一时间点为止,主句常用完成时态。Eg:Bythetimehearrived,thetrainhadalreadygone.Bythetimehecomes,wewillalreadyhaveleft.例外：Bythetimehewentabroad，hewasfourteen.(主句是系表形式或像know等表示”认知”的持续动词,则往往用一般时态。)•5）.原因状语从句中的because，since，as的区别。三者均表示“因为，由于”的意思。它们区别是：•①because语气最强，用于回答why引导的有较强逻辑性的因果关系问题，它常常与only，just以及否定词not连用。Because引导的从句通常置于主句之后，只有在强调的时候在置于主句之前。例句：1）Tomshouldattendschoolbecausehehasreached7.2)Justbecausetheywantedtoearnmoremoney,theymadealotoflow-qualityproducts.•②since和as语气都比较弱，多用在口语中，所表示的原因比较明显，或者是大家都已知的事实。因此，它们的前面不可用just，only等强调词和否定词not。它们引导的从句多置于句首。例句：1)Asyoualreadyknowthetruth,Ineednotexplainthewholethingtoyou.2)Sinc