供应链管理-第三版-Unit10-习题与答案

Chapter10ManagingEconomiesofScaleintheSupplyChain:CycleInventoryTrue/False1.Cycleinventoryexistsbecauseproducingorpurchasinginlargelotsallowsastageofthesupplychaintoexploiteconomiesofscaleandincreasecost.Answer:FalseDifficulty:Moderate2.Alotorbatchsizeisthequantitythatastageofthesupplychaineitherproducesorpurchasesatagiventime.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Moderate3.Cycleinventoryisthephysicalinventoryinthesupplychainduetoeitherproductionorpurchasesdemandedbythecustomer.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Moderate4.Theinventoryprofileisaplotdepictingthelevelofinventoryovertime.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Easy5.Whendemandissteady,cycleinventoryandlotsizearerelatedasfollows:CycleInventory=LotSizex2=Q*2.Answer:FalseDifficulty:Moderate6.Lotsizesandcycleinventorydonotaffecttheflowtimeofmaterialwithinthesupplychain.Answer:FalseDifficulty:Easy7.Averageflowtimeresultingfromcycleinventory=CycleInventory/Demand=Q/2D.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Moderate8.Cycleinventoryisprimarilyheldtotakeadvantageofeconomiesofscaleandreduceprofitwithinthesupplychain.Answer:FalseDifficulty:Easy9.Increasingthelotsizeorcycleinventoryoftendecreasesthecostincurredbydifferentstagesofasupplychain.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Moderate10.Cycleinventoryexistsinasupplychainbecausedifferentstagesexploiteconomiesofscaletolowertotalcost.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Easy11.Thecostsconsideredinlotsizingdecisionsincludematerialcost,fixedorderingcost,andmanufacturingcost.Answer:FalseDifficulty:Moderate12.Thetotalannualcostisthesumofannualmaterialcost,annualordercost,andannualholdingcost,andisgivenasTC=CD+(D/Q)S+(Q/2)hC.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Moderate13.Theoptimallotsizeisreferredtoastheeconomicorderquantity(EOQ).ItisdenotedbyQ*andisgivenbytheequation:Q*=2DS/hC.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Moderate14.Totalorderingandholdingcostsareunstablearoundtheeconomicorderquantity.Answer:FalseDifficulty:Moderate15.AfirmisoftenbetterservedbyorderingaconvenientlotsizeclosetotheeconomicorderquantityratherthanthepreciseEOQ.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Moderate16.Ifdemandincreasesbyafactorofk,theoptimallotsizedecreasesbyafactorofk.Answer:FalseDifficulty:Hard17.Toreducetheoptimallotsizebyafactorofk,thefixedordercostSmustbereducedbyafactorofk.Answer:FalseDifficulty:Moderate18.Aggregatingacrossproducts,retailers,orsuppliersinasingleorderallowsforareductioninlotsizeforindividualproductsbecausefixedorderingandtransportationcostsarenowspreadacrossmultipleproducts,retailers,orsuppliers.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Moderate19.Akeytoreducingcycleinventoryisthereductionoflotsize.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Easy20.Akeytoreducinglotsizewithoutincreasingcostsistoreducetheholdingcostassociatedwitheachlot.Answer:FalseDifficulty:Moderate21.Reductionoffixedcostmaybeachievedbyaggregatinglotsacrossmultipleproducts,customers,orsuppliers.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Easy22.Adiscountisvolume-basedifthepricingscheduleoffersdiscountsbasedonthequantityorderedinasinglelot.Answer:FalseDifficulty:Hard23.Adiscountisvolume-basedifthediscountisbasedonthetotalquantitypurchasedoveragivenperiod,regardlessofthenumberoflotspurchasedoverthatperiod.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Easy24.Pricingscheduleswithallunitquantitydiscountsencourageretailerstoincreasethesizeoftheirlots,whichreducestheaverageinventoryandflowtimeinasupplychain.Answer:FalseDifficulty:Moderate25.Marginalunitquantitydiscountshavealsobeenreferredtoasmulti-blocktariffs.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Moderate26.Quantitydiscountsleadtoaminorbuildupofcycleinventoryinthesupplychain.Answer:FalseDifficulty:Moderate27.Forcommodityproductswherepriceissetbythemarket,manufacturerscanuselotsizebasedquantitydiscountstoachievecoordinationinthesupplychainanddecreasesupplychaincost.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Moderate28.Thesupplychainprofitishigherifeachstageofthesupplychainindependentlymakesitspricingdecisionswiththeobjectiveofmaximizingitsownprofit.Answer:FalseDifficulty:Moderate29.Forproductswherethefirmhasmarketpower,two-parttariffscanbeusedtoachievecoordinationinthesupplychainandmaximizesupplychainprofits.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Moderate30.Discountsrelatedtopricediscriminationwillbelotsizebased.Answer:FalseDifficulty:Hard31.Pricediscriminationisthepracticewhereafirmchargesdifferentialpricestomaximizeprofits.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Easy32.Thegoaloftradepromotionsistoinfluenceretailerstoactinawaythathelpstheretailerachieveitsobjectives.Answer:FalseDifficulty:Easy33.Althoughaforwardbuyisoftentheretailer’sappropriateresponseandincreasestheirownprofits,itusuallyincreasesdemandvariabilitywitharesultingincreaseininventoryandflowtimeswithinthesupplychain.Answer:TrueDifficulty:Moderate34.Tradepromotionsleadtoasignificantincreaseinlotsizeandcycleinventorybecauseofforwardbuyingbytheretailer.Answer:TrueDifficulty:ModerateMultipleChoice1.Cycleinventoryexistsbecauseproducingorpurchasinginlargelotsallowsastageofthesupplychaintoa.exploiteconomiesofscaleandraisecost.b.exploiteconomiesofscaleandlowercost.c.exploitcustomersandlowercost.d.exploitcustomersandraisecost.e.noneoftheaboveAnswer:bDifficulty:Easy2.Thequantityofinventorythatastageofthesupplychaineitherproducesorpurchas