高中状语从句归纳

1状语从句状语从句在句中作状语，可分为：时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、比较、地点、方式状语从句。一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有：when,as,while,until,not…until,before,after,since,theminute,themoment,each(every,next,thefirst)time等。时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时或一般过去时。1.when,while,as都可解释为“当```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。(1)whenEg:WhenIarrivedhome,Ihadalittlerest.注意：when从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be动词时，从句主语和be可以省略。Eg:When(shewas)walkingalongthestreet,shemetherclassteacher.(2)as除了表示“当```的时候”，还可表示为“一面```一面”，“随着”Eg:Hesangashedanced.(一面```一面)Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.(随着)(3)while表示“当...的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时，从句动词必须是延续性动词。Eg:Whilewewereworking,theywerehavingarest.While(theywere)havingadiscussion,theygotveryconfused.注意：while有对比的含义，解释为“然而”。Eg:Ipreferblacktee,whilehelikescoffee.2.until,not…until表示“直到```才”，在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。肯定句：Iwaiteduntilmidnight.否定句：Ididnotleaveuntilmidnight.注意2(1)notuntil…在句首，主句用倒装Eg:NotuntilyouhadexplainedhowdidImanagetodoit.(2)Itisnotuntil…that…引导的强调句Eg:Itwasnotuntilitwasdarkthathecameback.3.theminute,themoment,eachtime都可表示“一```就```”Eg:Theworkerrecognizedthetypeofthemachinethemomenthesawit.注意：theminute,themoment,each(every,next,thefirst)time作连词不和when连用。4．Hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than,assoonas表示为“一```就```”Eg:Ihadhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.ItbegantorainassoonasIgothome.注意：Hardly/Scarcely…when,nosooner…than位于句首，主句用倒装Eg:HadIhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.二、条件状语从句条件状语从句分为两大类：真实条件句和虚拟条件句。引导条件状语从句的连词有：if,evenif/though,unless/if…not,aslongas/solongas,asfaras/sofaras,provided/providing(that),onconditionthat等。条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。1.unless和if…notunless相当于if…notEg:Youwillfailunlessyoustudyhard.Youwillnotfailifyoustudyhard.注意：在虚拟条件句中可用if…not，但不能用unlessEg:Ifshewerenottoosilly,shewouldunderstand.2.引导条件状语从句的其它连词：Eg:Youmaygothere,aslongasyoukeepquite.Eg:Ishallgiveyouthebookonconditionthatyoureturnittomorrow.Eg:Iwillgoprovidedthatyougotoo.3三、让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有：though,although,evenif/though,however,nomatterhow,nomatterwhat,nomatterwho等。1.though,although不可与but连用，但可以和yet,still连用.Eg:Though/Althoughitisraining,theyarestillrunningoutside.注意：(1)though可引导倒装(although不引导倒装)，结构为：强调对象+as/though+主语+其它成分【强调对象可为表语（名词、形容词）或状语（副词），表语为名词时，前面不用冠词。】Eg:Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Tiredasheis,hegoesonwithhiswork.2.despite和inspiteof也有让步意义，后接名词或动词，而though,although是连词，后接从句。Eg:Despite/Inspiteofwantingtoseehimagain,sherefusedtoreplytohisletter.Though/Althoughshewantedtoseehimagain,sherefusedtoreplytohisletter.3.“nomatter+疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”Eg:Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.注意：nomatter+疑问词不能引导名词性从句4.evenif/though表示“即使”Eg:Hedoesn’twanttomarryherevenif/thoughhelovesherverymuch.四、原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词有：because,since,as,nowthat,consideringthat,forthereasonthat,duetothefactthat,owingtothefactthat等。1.because语气最强，通常用于回答why提出的问题。注意：在Itwas…that…的强调结构中，强调原因状语从句可用because引导，不用since,as,for引导。4Eg:Itisbecausesheistooinexperiencedthatshedoesnotknowhowtodealwiththesituation.2.since和assince的语气比because弱，比as强，表示间接的、已知的原因，自然的结果，表示“既然，由于”。Eg:As/Sinceyouarenotverywell,youhadbetterhavearest.3.for表示原因关系时，for分句是对第一分句内容的推断或猜测。Eg:Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetnow.五、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词有：sothat,inorderthat,lest,incase,forfearthat等。Eg:Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.Hewrotethenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.注意：lest,incase,forfearthat所引导的状语从句中，动词可以用虚拟语气，形式为should+动词原形，也可不用虚拟语气，用动词的一般现在时或一般过去时。Eg:Youhadbetterleavethekeyathomeincaseoneofusshouldthinkof/thinksofcomingback.六、结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：sothat,so…that,such…that等Eg:Heissoyoungthathecannotgotoschool.Heissuchayoungboythathecannotgotoschool.1.常用句型：so+形容词/副词+that从句so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句2.so和such的搭配规律such修饰名词或名词词组，so修饰形容词或副词，so还可接many,few,much,little等。Eg:sofoolishsuchafool5soniceaflowersuchaniceflowersomany/fewflowerssuchniceflowerssomuch/littlemoneysuchrapidprogresssomanypeoplesuchalotofpeople七、比较状语从句引导比较状语从句的连词有：as…as,than,notso…as,themore…themore等Eg:HespeaksEnglishasfluentlyashisbrother(does)Ican’tjumpso/ashighashe(does)Therearemoreworkersinthisfactorythanintheonenexttoit.Themoreyouread,themoreinteresting,youwillfindthenovelis.注意：连接词than可作为关系代词用。Eg:HewrotemorethanwasnecessaryDon’tcarrymoremoneythanisneeded八、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有where,wherever以及where构成的复合词等。Eg:Shefoundhercalculatorwhereshelostit.WhereverIam,Iwillmissyou.注意：Eg:IhappenedtoseeyourdictionaryliewhereIuseditlasttime.（地点状语从句）IhappenedtoseeyourdictionarylieinthelabwhereIuseditlasttime.（定语从句）九、方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连接词有as,justas,asif/though（一般用虚拟语气，也有用直陈语气的）等。6Eg：Justdoasyouaretold.Theworkerswentonworkingasifnothinghadhappened.Hetalkedtothegirlasthoughhehadfalleninlovewithher.在justas...,so...结构中，as带有比喻含义，意为“正如”，多用于正式文体。Eg:Justassomepeoplelikesports,sosomepeoplelikemusic.theway也可引导方式状语从句。Eg:YoushouldoperatethemachinethewayIdo.7基础题1.We'dbetterhurry______itisgettingdark.时间A.andB.butC.asD.unless2.Ididn'tmanagetodoit_____youhadexplainedhow.条件A.untilB.unl