新托福听力精讲+翻译

学术讲座—学生版生物tpo24lecture1一、背景介绍：生物学讲座主要涉及到的小学科有conservationbiology保护生物学，marinebiology海洋生物学，zoology动物学和botany植物学。主要话题有以下五个：动物行为研究；动物和环境之间的关系；动物交流方式；动物身体结构；动物保护。二、分类表格：TPOLecture生物Biology142244627281101111121142154163174184193204213223233241251254262271273282283291302三、各分类常见逻辑结构：生物类考点分析分类部位及特征用途（植物）习性（动物）栖息地繁殖与其他生物的关系生存状况相关研究生物类常见逻辑结构在课堂演讲中，教授常常会就某一生物现象或者生物特征进行讲解，并举出相应的例子进行证明，期间往往会有老师的自问自答和已经和学生之间的讨论。四、十三大原则中这节课会用到的原则+举例1.开头原则：2.问答原则3.举例原则4.强调原则（语义的强调）：5.结尾原则五、本次课可能用到的笔记法1.笔记热身1）中文简写2）符号2.TPO1Conversation1笔记六、词汇，短语及句式1）生物类场景常用的词汇英语汉语species物种sub-species亚种genepool基因库ancestor祖先descend传承extinction灭绝endanger濒危eradicate灭绝introducedanimals外来动物wildlifereserve野生动物保护区sanctuary保护区refuge保护区habitat栖息地quarantineservice检疫局parasite寄生虫insect昆虫reptile爬行动物mammal哺乳动物pollinate授粉2）本次课常用词汇英语汉语reptileadj.爬虫类的；卑鄙的n.爬行动物；卑鄙的人crocodilen.鳄鱼solitaryadj.孤独的；独居的n.独居者；隐士swampn.沼泽；湿地vt.使陷于沼泽；使沉没；使陷入困境vi.下沉；陷入沼泽；陷入困境；不知所措vocalizationn.发声，发音；发声法alligatorn.短吻鳄（产于美国及中国）；短吻鳄皮革；鳄口式工具vi.皱裂；裂开adj.鳄鱼般的；鳄鱼皮革的；鳄鱼皮纹的breedingn.繁殖；饲养；教养；再生v.生产；培育；使…繁殖gruntn.咕哝；呼噜声vi.作呼噜声；发哼声vt.咕哝着说hissvi.发出嘘声；发嘘声n.嘘声；嘶嘶声clamoringn.喧闹，叫嚷；大声的要求vi.喧嚷，发喧嚣声；持续地喊声vt.喧嚷着说出3）本次课常用短语及句式：英语汉语messwith同…一起用膳；胡乱摆弄；干扰；与…厮混在一起kindof有点，有几分findout找出；查明interactwith与…相互作用avarietyof种种；各种各样的…thinkof记起；想起achorusof异口同声asortof一种；有点lookafter照顾；看护inorderto为了七、文章框架分析1.Crocodile:apredatorthathasn'tevolvedmuchinthelastseventymillionyears2.ThefunctionsofAmericanalligators’vocalization:①Tothreatenothermales②ToattractmatesThefunctionsofbabycrocodiles’vocalization:①gettingattention②lettingothersknowyouaredistressed：babycrocodiles。Therelationshipofvocalizationbetweencrocodilesandmammals3.Thefunctionsofmothercrocodiles’vocalization:toensuretheirbabiesfollowher.八、听力文本Narrator:ListentopartofalectureinaBiologyclass.Professor:OK.Fortoday,let'slookatareptile,apredatorthathasn'tevolvedmuchinthelastseventymillionyears.Nodiscussionofreptileswouldbecompletewithoutsomementionofcrocodiles.（教授开门见山提出讲座的主旨：apredator--crocodiles，其中today,let’slookat...就是主旨句的提示句型。）Now,wetendtothinkofcrocodilesas,uh,kindofsolitary,hidingoutinaswamp,uh,kindofmysteriouscreatures.Butwearefindingoutthattheyaren'tasisolatedastheyseem.Infact,crocodilesinteractwitheachotherinavarietyofways.Onewayiswithvocalizations,youknow,soundsgeneratedbytheanimal.（一些常考的细节题提示词有now,but,infact，这部分全都有，但是前边的now和but都是为了引出infact，而且infact后面指出来了有多种交流方式，其中一种是：vocalization，那么要注意一下可能会有另外的交流方式出现。但是事实上通过听全文没有提及其他的方式。）Thisistrueofthewholecrocodilefamily,whichincludescrocodilesthemselves,alligators,etc.TakeAmericanalligators.（这里take做的是介词，举例子的意思，注意听力中举例子处可能出一道细节题，也可能是个作者意图态度题：WhydoestheprofessortalkabouttheAmericanalligators?---Toshowthefunctionofvocalization.）Ifyouweretogotoaswampduringthebreedingseason,you'dhearachorusofsounds,deepgrunts,hisses,thesearesoundsthatmalealligatorsmake.Andsomeofthemarepowerfulenoughtomakethewatervibrate.Thissendsastrong,go-awaymessagetotheothermales.Sothealligatorcanfocusonsendingothersoundwavesthroughthewater,soundwavesthatyouandIcouldn'tevenhearsincetheyareatsuchlowfrequency.Buttheydoreachthefemalealligator,whothengoestofindandmatewiththemale.（这里这两处给出来了thefunctionofvocalization，就是第7题的答案。）Vocalizationisum...well,itisusedforotherreasons,likegettingattentionorjust,um...lettingothersknowyouaredistressed.（这里的otherreasons提醒下文主要讲解vocalization的另外几个目的：1）gettingattention2）lettingothersknowyouaredistressed。综合上文可以出一个Except题：Allofthefollowingsareaboutthefunctionsofcrocodiles’vocalizationexcept---?----AtothreatenothermalesBtoattracttheirpredatorsCtogetattentionDtoletothersknowtheyaredistressed答案是B）Let'ssee.（下文具体解释这两个功能，以newborncrocodiles为例。）New-borncrocodiles,orhatchlingsandtheirinteractionswiththeirmothers.Whentheyareborn,croc...babycrocodileshaveasortofmuffledcrywhiletheyareintheirnest.Hatchlingsarereallyvulnerable,especiallytobirdsandsmallmammalswhentheyareborn.Buttheirmother,whohasbeenkeepingvigilnearby,hearstheircryforhelpandcarriesthemtosafety,meaning,towater.Soshetakesthemoutofthenest.Uh,uh,alltheeggshatchedatonce,soshehasaboutfortynewbornstolookafter.Well,shetakesaboutfifteenoutofthenestatatime,carryingtheminhermouthtothenearbywater.Whilesheistakingoneloadofhatchlings,theotherswaitforhertocomeback.Butdoyouthinktheyarequietaboutit?Noway.Theyareclamoringforthemother'sattention,sortofsqueakingandpracticallysaying-don'tforgetaboutme!（这里的but是一个提示词，除此之外，教授在说这句话的时候语调比较重，可能出重听题，whydoestheprofessorsaythis?---Toindicatethatbabycrocodilesmakevocalizationinordertoattracttheirmother’sattention,andremindhernotforgettingthem.这里也是第8题的答案所在处。）Iheardsomegreatexamplesofthisonthetelevisionprogramoncrocodileslastweek.Anyonecatchedit?Ithadafewinterestingbits.Butyouknow,uh,youhavetobecareful,thinkcritically.SometimesIdon'tknowwheretheseshowsfindtheirexperts.（教授先扬后抑，用到but肯定有蹊跷，这里是第9题答案所在处。）Student:Excuseme.But,um...doesallthatcryingdefeatthepurpose?Imean,doesn'titattractmorepredators?Professor:Hmm...goodquestion.Iguess,well,Iamguessingthatoncethebabieshavethemother'sattention,theyaresafe.She'snevertoofaraway,and,andIthink...Imean,wouldyoumesswithamothercrocodile?（从这部分