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当前位置:首页 > 临时分类 > 流体力学与流体机械教材课后题答案
第一章流体及其物理性质1-4.解:由已知可知:△P=20000Pa%02.0d由m=V可得:dm=dV+Vd,在压强变化时,质量没有变化,则dm=0,即dV+Vd=0,则Vd-dV所以体积压缩系数8-10ddp1ddp1-VV1-5.解:由体积膨胀系数:VVTdd1k可得:34-km41.01555105ddVTV所以说膨胀水箱的最小体积应该是0.41m3。第二章流体静力学2-2.解:由ghVP可得m88.31880.928.14000gPhV2-3解:如图所示:同种液体能够互相连通位于同一高度处是等压面,分析可知:a139hhg-hhg-ghh-hhg-ghghP2141143223BKPPPPBAA)()()()(油水银油水银油水银油ABh1h2油油水银油h3h4图2-32-11解:由题意可知:侧面BC的总压力大小为:NAF52110048.20.24.22.18.910008.38.9830ghgh)()(水油2-14解:真空表C的读数是1.49×104Pa,则自由液面在原来的基础上还要补充一段h:m52.180.910001049.1gPh4水左侧水对闸门AB的压力:NHHF521c100.1829.1829.12-h8.91000Agh)(水左左侧压力中心:m14.3829.105.3829.1829.112105.3ybh121hyxyy23c3cccAAID左右侧油对闸门AB的压力:NHF42c1025.2829.1829.128.9750Agh油右右侧压力中心:根据力矩平衡得:(假设作用于B点力的方向向左)F左×L左=F右×L右+FB×L可得:FB=39893.79N[其中L左=yD左—(H1+h-H2)]2-15解:曲面ab的压力:水平方向分力:NF6xcx10225.11052/58.91000Agh竖直方向分力:NBRVF6pz100.1S-L21gg)(则曲面所受合力:m2193.1829.12829.1829.1829.11212829.1ybh121hyyy23c3c'C'cAAIXD’右NFFF62z2x1058.1合受力方向:225.10.1225.1tanzxFF2-17解:曲面abcd所受的静水压力:水平方向分力为:NAF279305.10.120.1-4.28.91000ghxcx)(竖直方向分力为:NBRBRVF5.698985.10.1434.25.10.18.9100043hgg22Pz)()(则曲面所受合力为:NFFF752722z2x合受力方向为:4.05.6989827930tanzxFF2-19解:这道题关键是自由液面的选取:因为在C点的绝对压强是196120Pa,其相对压强是:m67.98.910001001325.1-109612.1ga55PP作用于半球的总压力只有竖直方向的分力:NRRVFF532pz105.23421-2h-67.98.91000g)(第三章流体运动学和动力学基础3-4解:由连续方程A1V1=A2V2可得:smVddVddAVAV/5.0215.0442212221122212112所以说截面2-2处的平均流速为0.5m/s。3-7解:如图所示:Δhρ根据伯努利方程可得:gVgPZgVgPZAAABBB2222在此处ZA=ZB,VA=0,则BABPPV2又因为hg)(油BAPP则sVB/m08.1hg)1(2油3-8解:如图所示:取两截面1、2列伯努利方程:gVgPZgVgPZ2222222111同时根据连续性方程有:2211VAVA可得:212212/1)(2AAPPV则212212/1)(2AAPPAqv由U形管压差计来测量压差hg)(21水银PP2122/1hg)(2AAAqv水银则qv=0.06m3/s3-19解:smAqVV/02.15.148.1211同理:V2=2.30m/s取截面1-1、2-2列伯努利方程:gVgPZgVgPZ2222222111由于该管路是水平的,Z1=Z2则可得KPaVVPPgVgVgPgP9.397222222112222112则水流经渐变段,动量发生变化,必然产生对镇墩产生作用力设轴向力为F,水平向右,则渐变段镇墩所受的力为R,水平向左,列动量方程可得:P1A1-P2A2-R=ρqv(V2-V1)代入数据可得:R=P1A1-P2A2-ρqv(V2-V1)=391.8KN则F=-391.8KN,方向是水平向右。3-20解:(1)smAqVAVA/18.32.041.02同理VB=5.66m/s(2)取两截面A-A、B-B列伯努利方程:gVgPZgVgPZAAABBB2222由于管路水平,ZA=ZB,可得KPaVVPPBAAB109222(3)对控制体内流体进行受力分析本体弯管水平放置,显然不必要考虑重力作用,对于表面力,只有进、出口控制面上的压力FA=PAAA=120×103×3.14/4×0.22=3.768KNFB=PBAB=109×103×3.14/4×0.152=1.93KN两者方向指向控制体。水流经弯管,动量发生变化,必然产生作用力F,而F与关闭对水的反作用力R平衡。管道水平放置在xoy平面上,假设R方向指向弯管处。与x轴夹角为α。(4)列动量方程求解:X轴方向:FA-Rcosα-FBcos60=ρqv(VBcos60-VA)Y轴方向:FBsin60-Rsinα=ρqvVBsin60求解得:R=3108.6Ntanα=0.41第四章4-2解:由已知可得:smdAqVv/71.04802320mmHg所产生的压强为:P1=13.6×103×9.8×0.32=4.3×104Pa选0-0、1-1面列伯努利方程:m164.32.1-108.9103.48.9271.0---2-hg20342121121wwghgPgVhgPgVh即所以说:泵的吸水高度hg为3.164m。4-6解:(1)在圆管中层流流动时:svuuv/cm6.138.62221maxmax所以(2)slRPRRlPRrRlPufff/cm2.106.1343u43434)4(4u2rcm20r)(4max22222,,当因为(3)28.0e647.22624.088.6deRVR则(4)圆管层流中切应力在有效截面上的分布规律:NVRVVPlRPlrPfff129.088.68.028.08L212dL2dLgh2222202f0所以因为则水力坡度J43102.881.98001040129.022grJ4-16解:(1)求雷诺数Re56-26-1045.1101511308.0e/m101520t72.211304/8.0RsCmAdesmAqVv所以时,空气的当(2)22f53m/15.02dL018.0105.972.21026.072.226.0NVPdmdmm查莫迪图,得4-20解:解法一:以1-1,2-2截面列伯努利方程:28.0g2hwm269.02hw)(/m25.4q/m89.1q222222121212v21v12122222111VgVVgPPghPPsAVsAVZZgVgPZgVgPZ即所以因为水银解法二:公式法28.0)1(5.0)1(5.0212212ddAA(5)孔口、管路流动与气体射流5-14解:由已知可得:mSmsS622vf5242421097.150789qhH/7892.014.38.95.052.06503.08dgdl8)()(5-19解.因为42dgdl8)(S,则527424121111/101.202.014.38.9150.0220025.08dgdL8msS)()(527424222222/101.5015.014.38.9140.01510025.08dgdL8msS)()(在并联管路中21v2v111qqSS::解得:qv1=492.31L/hqv2=307.69L/h5-15解:PaPPPPPSSPPP37.12979813]%1513[qqqqqq2212v12v222v22v1212v2v)(则可得:由5-16解:由已知可得:断面积A1=2×0.04=0.08m2断面积A2=3×0.04=0.12m2断面积A3=0.04m2由表5-2查可得:比阻A/1=0.7962A/2=0.223A3=5.2628vv2v1qqqmAmAmAA23.014.304.044d39.014.312.044d32.014.308.044dd43322112可得:由mqLALALALAHHv322.010)2628.5223.07962.0(10)2628.5223.07962.0(qqh22v332211viif21)((6)不可压缩黏性流体的外部流动6-8解:(1)t=20℃=61015m2/s5610810156.020Revd按Re查表得:CD=0.38(2)计算受力224m0.640dHANACACFDDD8.2188242202.138.02212226-9解:(1)ACFDD2211ACFDD2222(2)FtSFtSFPsmhKm/25/90∴111DFP222DFP∴WACACPDD4321105.12211WACACPDD52502232222
本文标题:流体力学与流体机械教材课后题答案
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