武汉微博教育整理分享—计算机英语第三版课后答案(二)

《计算机英语》参考译文和练习答案1武汉微博教育整理分享—计算机英语第三版课后答案（二）课后答案Unit4ComputerLanguageandProgrammingSectionAI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1．artificial;instructions2．low-level;high-level3．low-level4．Machine5．functional;logic6．Statement7．Module8．digitalII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1．storageregister存储寄存器2．functionstatement函数语句3．programstatement程序语句4．object-orientedlanguage面向对象语言5．assemblylanguage汇编语言6．intermediatelanguage中间语言，中级语言7．relationallanguage关系（型）语言8．artificiallanguage人造语言9．datadeclaration数据声明10．SQL结构化查询语言11．executableprogram可执行程序12．programmodule程序模块13．conditionalstatement条件语句14．assignmentstatement赋值语句15．logiclanguage逻辑语言16．machinelanguage机器语言17．functionallanguage函数式语言《计算机英语》参考译文和练习答案218．programminglanguage程序设计语言19．runacomputerprogram运行计算机程序20．computerprogrammer计算机程序设计员III．Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Aprogramminglanguageisalanguageusedtowriteinstructionsforthecomputer.Itletstheprogrammerexpressdataprocessinginasymbolicmannerwithoutregardtomachine-specificdetails.Thedifficultyofwritingprogramsinthemachinelanguageof0sand1sledfirsttothedevelopmentofassemblylanguage,whichallowsprogrammerstousemnemonicsforinstructionsandsymbolsforvariables.Suchprogramsarethentranslatedbyaprogramknownasanassemblerintothebinaryencodingusedbythecomputer.Otherpiecesofsystemsoftwareknownaslinkingloaderscombinepiecesofassembledcodeandloadthemintothemachine’smainmemoryunit,wheretheyarethenreadyforexecution.Theconceptoflinkingseparatepiecesofcodewasimportant,sinceitallowed“libraries”ofprogramstobebuiltuptocarryoutcommontasks—afirststeptowardtheincreasinglyemphasizednotionofsoftwarereuse.Assemblylanguagewasfoundtobesufficientlyinconvenientthathigher-levellanguages(closertonaturallanguages)wereinventedinthe1950sforeasier,fasterprogramming;alongwiththemcametheneedforcompilers,programsthattranslatehigh-levellanguageprogramsintomachinecode.Asprogramminglanguagesbecamemorepowerfulandabstract,buildingefficientcompilersthatcreatehigh-qualitycodeintermsofexecutionspeedandstorageconsumptionbecameaninterestingcomputerscienceprobleminitself.IV．TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.OneespeciallypowerfulfeatureofOOP(object-orientedprogramming)languagesisapropertywhichisknownasinheritance.Inheritanceallowsanobjecttotakeonthecharacteristicsandfunctionsofotherobjectstowhichitisfunctionallyconnected.Programmersconnectobjectsbygroupingthemtogetherindifferentclassesandbygroupingtheclassesintohierarchies.Theseclassesandhierarchiesallowprogrammerstodefinethecharacteristicsandfunctionsofobjectswithoutneedingtorepeatsourcecode,thecodedinstructionsinaprogram.Thus,usingOOPlanguagescangreatlyreducethetimeittakesforaprogrammertowriteanapplication,andalsoreducethesizeoftheprogram.OOPlanguagesareflexibleandadaptable,soprogramsorpartsofprogramscanbeusedformorethanonetask.ProgramswrittenwithOOPlanguagesaregenerallyshorterinlengthandcontainfewerbugs(缺陷),or《计算机英语》参考译文和练习答案3mistakes,thanthosewrittenwithnon-OOPlanguages.面向对象程序设计语言的一个特别强大的功能，是称为继承的特性。继承允许一个对象获得与其具有功能联系的其他对象的属性与功能。程序员把对象归为不同的类，并把类分成层次，以此将对象联系起来。这些类与层次使程序员可以定义对象的属性与功能，而不必重复源代码，即程序中的编码指令。因此，使用面向对象程序设计语言，可以大大缩短程序员编写应用程序所需的时间，也可以缩短程序长度。面向对象程序设计语言灵活、适应性强，所以程序或程序的某些部分可用于不止一项任务。使用面向对象程序设计语言编写的程序，比使用非面向对象程序设计语言编写的程序，一般长度短且包含的错误少。SectionBI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1．object-oriented2．userinterface3．Event4．ControlsII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1．functioncall函数调用2．event-drivenprogramming事件驱动编程3．clickonapushbutton点击按钮4．applicationwindow应用程序窗口5．classhierarchy类继承6．childwindow子窗口7．applicationdevelopmentenvironment应用程序开发环境8．pull-downmenu下拉菜单9．dialogbox对话框10．scrollbar滚动条SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.Giventhearraycalledobjectwith20elements,ifyouseethetermobject10,youknowthearrayisin________form;ifyouseethetermobject[10],youknowthearrayisin________form.(subscript;index)2.Inmostprogramminglanguages,anarrayisastaticdatastructure.Whenyoudefineanarray,thesizeis________.(fixed)3.A(n)________isapictorialrepresentationofafrequencyarray.(histogram)4.Anarraythatconsistsofjustrowsandcolumnsisprobablya(n)________array.(two-dimensional)武汉微博教育《计算机英语》参考译文和练习答案4II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.barchart条形图2.frequencyarray频率数组3.graphicalrepresentation图形表示4.multidimensionalarray多维数组5.用户视图user(’s)view6.下标形式subscriptform7.一维数组one-dimensionalarray8.编程结构programmingconstructPARTTWOSoftwareEngineeringUnit5SoftwareDevelopmentSectionAI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1．application;operating2．assemblers3．compiler4．interpreter5．Debugger6．Loop7．devicedriver8．JohnvonNeumannII．TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1．inferenceengine推理机2．systemcall系统调用3．compiledlanguage编译语言4．parallelcomputing平行计算5．patternmatching模式匹配6．freememory空闲内存7．interpreterprogram解释程序8．libraryroutine库程序9．intermediateprogram中间程序，过渡程序10．sourcefile源文件11．interpretedlanguage解释（性）语言12．devic