新编英语教程UnitTen(toss)

UnitTenTextII.WritingSkillsThetextisashortnarrativepieceofwritingwhichvividlyandamusinglyrelateshowayounginexperiencedstand-inteacherattemptstocontrolaclassthathasfrightenedawayasuccessionofsubstitutesfortheirownteachers.Thewriterisparticularlysuccessfulinhiseffectiveuseofcomicexaggeration.Thenarrativeisconvincingduetothewriter’skeenobservationofthebehaviourofayoungandinexperiencedteacherwhenhisauthorityisthreatened.1.Thevariouswaysinwhichcomicexaggerationisachieved.A.Theuseofvividsimiles.Asimileisadirectcomparisonofonethingtoanotherbyusingthewordlikeoras.e.g.Tomakethisclear,heshowedmehisthumb,ahugething,likeapocketcudgel.B.Theuseofappropriatemetaphors.Ametaphorisaphrasewhichdescribesonethingintermsofanotherthingwithwhichitcanbecomparedwithoutusingthewordlikeoras.e.g.Iwasinwardlyallwhiteflag.C.Theuseofstrikingcontrast.Onethingisputinsharpcontrastwithanothersothatastrongeffectisproduced.e.g.Enormousboyswereeverywhere,…WasIreallysopuny?D.Theuseofparallelismstointensifythemeaning.Iwastoyinginwardlywithideasofthunderbolts,earthquakes,andmassexecutions.E.Theuseofvocabularywhichemphasizesnotthenormalorderinaclassroombutthatoffightingandwar.2.Anexcellentdescriptionofasituationwhichistotallyoutofcontrol.3.Akeenobservationofthebehaviourofayoung,weak,inexperiencedteacher.II.LanguagePoints1.keepsb/sthunderone’sthumb:controlsb/stheg:---Whatshouldateacherdo?---Heshouldkeephisstudentsunderhisthumb.---Whatshouldafatherdo?---Heshouldkeephischildrenunderhisthumb.2.cudgel:n.shortthickstickorclub短棒takeupthecudgelfor:fightfor,supportstrongly为…而奋斗；极力支持eg:Peopleinthatcountryaretakingupthecudgelsforfreedom.---Whatareyoutakingupthecudgelsfornow?---Wearetakingupthecudgelsforagoodfuture.3.pale:adj.bloodless,upsetfeelpaleatsth.eg:Hefelt/turnedpaleatthenews/failure.4.succession①succession(n.).a)(U)thecomingofonethingafteranotherintimeorinorder继续，连续eg:thesuccessionoftheseasons四季的连续insuccession连续地Trafficaccidentshappenedinsuccession.Suchthingshappeninsuccession.b)(C)numberofthingsinsuccession连续的若干事物，一连串eg:asuccessionofAsuccessionofcarspassedusoneafteranother.Thereareasuccessionofwetdays.Theendlesssuccessionofpartiesworeusout.c)(U)(rightof)succeedingtoatitle,thethrone,property;personhavingthisright（有）继承（权）（者）eg:Whoissuccessiontothethrone?Hissuccessiontothepartyleadershipisindispute.Theeldestsonhassuccessiontohisfather’sproperty.insuccessionto继承（王位等）eg:Whoisfirstinsuccessiontothethrone?Theeldestsonisfirstinsuccessiontohisfather’sproperty.②successive(adj.)comingoneafteranother一连（多少次等），一个接一个的eg:Hehaswonfivesuccessivegames.(他连胜五场)Wehavehadbumperharvestforfivesuccessiveyears.Thefootballteamcelebrateditsfourthsuccessivevictory.③succeed(v.)inherit;haveatitle,positionetconthedeathofsb.继承eg:They’vedecidedafteralltolettherightmansucceedme.Ifthedukehasnochildren,whowillsucceedtothetitle?5.startle①startle(v.)ckofsurpriseto;causetomoveorjumpeg:Whathesaidstartledme.②startling(adj.)eg:Whathesaidwasstartling.③startled(adj.)eg:Hewasstartledtohearwhathesaid.6.substitute①substitute(n.)a)(C)persontakingtheplaceofanother代替者，代理人eg:Theregularteacherisilltoday,soasubstituteisteachingtheclass.Par.Tomcan’tplayfootballtoday,Jackwilltakehisplace.(willbehissubstitute…)Thedoctorwillgoonholiday,thenursewilltakethedoctor’splace.Wecan’tfindanybodytotakehisplace.(Wecan’tfindasubstituteforhim.)b)thingtakingtheplaceofanother代替物，代用品substitutefor…eg:Atcelebration,thereisnosubstituteforchampagne.Par.Honeycanbeusedtotaketheplaceofsugarinsomeconditions.(…usedasasubstituteforsugar…)Watercan’tbeusedtotaketheplaceofwine.(…can’tbeusedasasubstituteforwine…)SoyabeansarewidelyusedtotaketheplaceofmeatThingsusedtotaketheplaceofrubbercanbemadefrompetroleum.(…substitutesforrubbercanbe…)②substitute(v.)serveasasubstitute,taketheplaceof代替，替换a)visubstituteforeg:Idon’tliketosubstituteforanybody.Par.I’llfindamantotakeMissLi’splace.(substituteforMissLi)TodayIcantakeyourplace.Hetooktheplaceoftheworkerwhowasill.Sheistakingtheplaceofherbrother.b)vt.Use…totaketheplaceof用...代替substitutesb/sth.eg:Theydon’tlikepotatoes,sowesubstituterice.Ifyoucan’tgoyourself,pleasefindsomeonetosubstituteyou.substitutesb/sthforeg:Shesubstitutedafakediamondfortheoriginal.Isubstitutedyournameformineonthelist.③substitute(adj.)代...，临时的eg:Theschoolboardhiredasubstituteteacher.Iwassubstituteheadmasterforaterm.④substitution(n.)（美）（U）替换eg:Ihopethissubstitutionwillnotdamagetheteam.SometimesIputasubstitutiontableontheblackboard.7.duck(v.)①topushunderwater潜入水里eg:Heduckedhisheadinthestreamtogetcool.②trytoescapebyhidingquickly闪躲eg:Hesawapoliceandduckedbehindacar.③trytoavoidadifficultyoranunpleasantsituationeg:Whenhecameacrossdifficulties,heducked.8.placate①placate(v.)soothe,pacify;makecalm,quietandsatisfiedtoplacatesbeg:Theboyiscrying,hismotheristryingtoplacatehim.②placatory(adj.)eg:Heisplacatory.(tryingtoplacate)9.inward①inward(adj.)situatedwithin;turnedtowardstheinside在内部的，内部的，内向的eg:inwardhappiness/inwardvision/inwardfears/aninwardexistencetheinwardpartsofthebody/aninwardslantoftheeyeHehasachievedinwardpeace.Theexplorersdiscovered