新编英语教程UnitTwelve(toss)

1UnitTwelveTextII.WritingSkillsThisisashortpieceofnarrativewritingaboutanunforgettablewinter.Thewritercarefullyselectsasubjectwhichhasmadeaclearimpressiononhimandwantstoevokesympathyfromthereader.Heaimsattellingthereaderaboutthesufferingsexperiencedintheextremecoldbyestablishingthesituationinthefirsttwoshortintroductoryparagraphs.Hetriestoconveyadistinctimpressionoftheextremecoldbothoutsideandinsidebysettingoutspecificandconcretedetails.Itispreciselythementionofsuchparticularthingsasdefinitecoloursandsounds,andspecificactionandattitudesofpeoplethatawakenthereader’sinterestandwinhissympathy.II.LanguagePoints1.inlivingmemory：intheyearswhichcanberememberedbysomepeoplestillalivee.g.Theplanetragedylastyearwasthemostseriousoneinlivingmemory.TheearthquakeinTangshanin1976wasthebiggesttragedyinlivingmemory.2.inthedepthsof:在...深处（多做复数）e.g.Coalminershavetoworkinthedepthsoftheearth.Theshipsankinthedepthsoftheocean.inthe~ofthewinter(latewinter)隆冬inthe~ofdespair极度绝望中inthe~ofmyheart在内心深处Note:(sometimes)inthedepthofwinter/myheartc.f.atadepthof在...的深度e.g.Waterwasfoundatadepthof10meters.(10metersdeep)3.roundabout①roundabouta)(adv.)nearbye.g.Helivessomewhereroundabout.Therearenotmanyhousesroundabout.b)(prep.):aboute.g.Comeroundabout2o’clock.Theremusthavebeenroundabout1,000peoplehere.c)(prep.)arounde.g.Shesatwithherchildrenroundabouther.b)b)②roundabout(adj.):notgoingorcomingbytheshortestway,ornotusingthemostdirectwaye.g.Iheardthenewsinaroundaboutway.Wecamebyaroundaboutroute.4.onandoff:fromtimetotime;occasionally;2e.g.IwritetomyfriendinAmericaonandoff.Hecomestoseemeonandoff.Itrainsonandoff.5.approximate①approximate(adj.):verynearbe~to:closetoe.g.Hermoneyisapproximateto&10,000.②approximately(adv.):nearly③approximate(vi.):comenearto(在质量或数量方面)接近~toe.g.Hisdescriptionoftheeventapproximatedtothetruth.④approximation(n.):almostcorrectamountorestimatee.g.Thatisaverycloseapproximationtothetruth.6.thrill①thrill(v.):causetobeexcitedorsurprised~sb.e.g.Storiesofadventuresthrillhim.Thematchwassoexcitingthatitthrilledeveryone.②thrilling(adj.):causingexcitemente.g.Itisathrillingstoryofviolenceandmurder.Therewasathrillingfinishoftherace.③thrilled(adj.):excitedandhappybe~atsthe.g.Hewasthrilledatthesuggestion.Shewasthrilledattheresultofherexam.be~todosth(hear/know/see/find)e.g.Wewerethrilledtohearthathegotfullmarks.Theboyswerethrilledandhappytoseetheirparents.④thrill(n.)[c]:feelingofbeingexcited,happyorsurprise.e.g.Atfirst,itwasathrill,butthethrillwassoonover.feela~/geta~(s)e.g.Shefeltathrillwhenshesawtheworld-famoustennisplayer.Hegotathrillfromthemovie.⑤thriller(n.):novelorplayinwhichexcitementandemotionalappealaretheessentialelements富于刺激并激动读者感情的小说或戏剧e.g.Healwayslikestoreadthrillers.7.relentlessly(adv.):withoutpity/mercy;mercilesslye.g.Hescoldedherrelentlessly.Thesnowfellrelentlessly.8.ofdirtygreycolourof=whathasacertainquality3be+adj=be+of+neg:Themountainisveryhigh(ofgreatheight).Theoceanisverydeep(ofgreatdepth).Thefilmisveryinteresting(ofgreatinterest).Themeetingisveryimportant(ofgreatimportance).Whenshewasastallasme(ofmyheight),sheworkedalot.Whenshewasasoldasme(ofmyage),shestudiedatuniversity.9.setin①setin:beginandcontinue（经常用指天气或疾病）开始e.g.Whenherecoveredfromheartdisease,anotherinfectionsetin.Aheavysnowstormsetinbeforethesmallfishingboatreachedtheshore.Astrongwindhadsetinbeforewegothome.②setintodosth:begintodosth.eg:Ithasjustsetintorain.10.harden①harden(v.)a)(vt.):makeorbecomehard,strongetc.~sth./sb.使...变硬(坚强）e.g.Theyhardenclaybyputtingitinafine.I’lltrytohardenmybody.Mothersmusttrytohardentheheart.Lifeinthemountainshardenedme(mademefirmer).b)(vi.):becomehard,stronge.g.Hermindhardenedasshegotusedtodifficulties.Thesnowhardeneduntilicewasformed.②hardened(p.p)e.g.ahardenedcriminal/ahardenedsmuggler(顽固不化的罪犯/走私犯)11.grime①grime(n.):dirte.g.Hisfaceiscoveredwithgrimeandsweat.②grime(v.):makedirtye.g.Herfaceisgrimedwithdust.③grimy(adj.):dirtye.g.grimyfaces(roofs/windows)12.tame①(adj.):usedtolivingwithhumanbeings,notwildorfierce.e.g.Thisisatamedog/donkey.Herhusbandisatamelittleman.②(vt.):maketamee.g.totamealion/tiger/birds413.chopup:cutup(cutintosmallbits)切碎e.g.Meatisoftenchoppedupbeforebeingcooked.14.freeze/froze/frozen①freeze(v.)a)(vi.):(ofwater)becomeice.e.g.Thewaterinthebasinfrozelastnight.Waterfreezesatzero.makeone’sbloodfreeze/freezeone’sblood:fillonewithterror令人战愫e.g.Histerriblestoriesmadeourbloodfreeze.Mary’sbloodfrozewhenshehadtowalkthroughthecemeteryatnight.freezeup冻上了e.g.Thelakehasfrozenup.Theenginehasfrozenup.freezeover(湖水等)冻上了e.g.Duringtheseverewinterof1947eventheseafrozeover.Thepond’sfrozenover.Weshallhavesomeskatingsoon.freezingpoint冰点,零度(摄氏)e.g.It’sverycoldtoday.Thetemperaturehasdroppedtofreezingpoint.b)(vt.):cause(wateretc)tobecomeiceorbecomehard.e.g.Thecoldhasfrozentheearthsolid.TheNorthwindhasfrozenthewaterinthepool.freezeout:exclude.排挤出去,不让参加e.g.TheotherboysfrozeJohnoutoftheclub.Someofthesmallertradersarebeingfrozenoutbythebigcombines.c)(vi.):(ofsb.)beorfeelverycolde.g.Twoofthemenfrozetodeath.Iamfreezingnow.d)(vi.)verycold.e.g.Itisfreez