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虚拟语气用法归纳虚拟语气:表示所说的话不是事实,或不可能发生,只是说话人的一种说话人的主观愿望、假设、猜测、建议、或推测,一般用于条件句或某些动词之后。1、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。情况条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反动词过去式(be动词无论人称和数都用were)Would/should/could/Might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词Would/should/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实可能相反或可能性很小动词过去式或should+动词原形或wereto+动词原形Would/should/could/Might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwoulddotheexerciserightnow.如果我是你,我就会现在做作业。IfIhadseenyoulastnight,Iwouldhavegiventhepenbacktoyou.如果我昨天晚上看到你,我就把笔给回你。Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,wewouldgoskiing.如果明天下雪。我们就去滑雪。注意(1)有时条件状语从句和主语谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词形式要根据具体情况而加以调整。IfIhadfollowedyouradvicelastnight,Iwouldnotbeintroublenow.如果我昨晚接受了你的建议,我现在就不会有麻烦了。(2)在正式文体中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,should或had,可以省略if,而将were,should或had提到主语前,构成主谓倒装,在这种结构中,句首不能用助动词的缩略形式。Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,Icouldnothavefinishedmyworkaheadoftime.如果没有你的帮助,我就不能提前完成工作。(3)有时可以用with,without,butfor短语,或连词otherwise,or或动词不定式来代替虚拟条件句。Without/Butforair(Iftherewerenoair)therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.要是没有空气,地球上就没有生物。3.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法(1)asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中用虚拟语气,谓语动词用动词的过去式或过去完成式。(从句中如果用陈述语气则表示可能性非常大。)Helooksasifhewereover30yearold。他看上去好像有三十多岁了。(实际上没有)Shetalkedasifshehadseenthefilmbefore.她说得好像她以前看过这部电影一样。(2)在由evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句中,主句和从句都要用虚拟语气(谓语动词的形式与含有条件状语从句的虚拟语气相同)。EvenifTonyhadbeenherejustnow,hecouldn’thavegivenyouanyhelp.即使托尼刚才在这儿,他也不可能给你帮助。(3)在inorderthat或sothat引导的结果状语从句中,用虚拟语气,谓语动词多用could/might(有时可用should)+动词原形。Theyclimbedhighupthemountainsothattheycouldseefarther.他们爬到山上高处去以便看得更远。4.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在“Itisimportant/strange/natural/necessarythat…”“Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…”“Itisapity/nowonderthat…”等句型中,that引导的主语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。Itisnecessarythatallthework(should)bedoneintime.必要的是所有的工作都要及时做。5.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法(1)在wish后的宾语从句中:①表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去时;②表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去完成式;③表示与将来情况相反或将来难以实现的愿望,谓语动词用should/would+动词原形。IwishIwereabird.我希望我是一只鸟儿。Wewishwehadn’tdonethatbefore.我们希望我们以前没有那样做。Iwishshewouldcomesoon,我希望她很快来。(2)在demand,insist,suggest,command.order,propose,request,desire,require,advise,prefer等动词后接的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”。Theyadvisedthatthework(should)bedoneatonce.他们建议马上开始工作。TheteacherinsistedthatCollins(should)answerthequestionimmediately.老师坚持要柯林斯马上回答这个问题。6.虚拟语气在表语从句或同位语从句中的用法在demand,insist,suggestion,command,order,advice.request,plan,proposal等词后的表语从句或同位语从句中,谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”。Harry’sproposalisthatanewdininghall(should)bebuiltintheschool.哈里的提议是在学校里建一间新的饭堂。7.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法在“Itis(high/about)timethat…”句型中。定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或“should+动词原形”。Itis(high)timethatwedidourmorningexercises,我们该做早操了。8.虚拟语气在其他句型中的用法(1)在wouldratherthat…从句中,表示“愿望”,如果表示现在或将来要做的事,谓语动词用过去式;如果表示过去发生的动作,谓语动词用过去完成式。Iwouldratherthatyouhadfinishedyourworkyesterday.但愿你昨天就完成工作了。IwouldratherthatTomwentthere.我宁愿汤姆去那儿。(2)在“Ifonly…”句型中,意为“但愿…”“要是…就好了”,谓语动词通常用过去式或过去完成式,表示一种强烈的愿望或遗憾。IfonlyIknewtheanswer.要是我知道答案就好了。(3)“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿”时,这时may必须放在句首。Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!语法专练用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe____________(notsend)toMiamibuttoNewYork?2.IfI__________(canplan)todoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.3.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI________(follow)youradvice.4.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_________(notfall)inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.5.Whodoyousuggest__________(send)toworkthere?6.HowIwisheveryfamily__________(have)alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!7.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe__________(score)agoal.8.What_______(happen),ifBob_________(walk)fartherasfarastheriverbank?9.Heleftordersthatnobody____________(leave)beforethepolicearrived.10.Ifyou_________(post)thepostcardearlier,Joan_______(receive)itthedaybeforeyesterday.11.Hegaveuphisjobinorderthathe_______(find)abetterone.12.Withoutwater,theearth_________(cover)bydesert.13.Ifyou_________(study)hardbefore,you_________(notfail)intheexamnow.14.Ifastickispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit________(break).15.Ifthere_______(be)nosubjunctivemood,English_________(be)mucheasier.
本文标题:虚拟语气用法归纳
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