语言学课后练习参考答案

胡壮麟语言学复习及答案ChapterIIntroductionl.T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.T8.F9.T10.F11.T12.T13.T14.T15.T16.F17.T18.F19.F20.FI.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.T2.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.F3.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.F4.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.T5.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.T6.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.F7.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.T8.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.F9.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.T10.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.F11.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.T12.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.T13.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.T14.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.T15.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.T16.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.F17.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.T18.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.F19Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.F20.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.FII.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:21.knowledge22.abstract23.Duality24.arbitrary25.syntax26.genetic27.Parole28.applied29.productive30.scientific(orsystematic)21.Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.22.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.23.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothepheno广告网址nthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.24.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.25.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.26.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.27.P____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.28.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.29.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.30.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes____studyoflanguage.III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.3l.C32.D33.C34.D35.B36.A37.C38.B39.A40.D31.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.A.prescriptiveB.analyticC.descriptiveD.linguistic32.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.DualityD.Meaningfulness33.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.A.primaryB.correctC.secondaryD.stable34.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.A.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowritingB.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.C.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongueD.Alloftheabove35.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.comparative36.Saussuretooka(n)__________viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.A.sociological…psychologicalB.psychological…sociologicalC.applied…pragmaticD.semanticandlinguistic37.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.Language38.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.A.senseB.soundsC.objectsD.ideas39.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________,A.displacementB.dualityC.flexibilityD.culturaltransmission40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough____,ratherthanbyinstinct.A.learningB.teachingC.booksD.bothAandBIV.Definethefollowingterms:41.Linguistics42.Phonology43.Syntax44.Pragmatics45.Psycholinguistics46.Language47.Phonetics48.Morphology49.Semantics50.Sociolinguistics51.AppliedLinguistics52.Arbitrariness53Productivity54.Displacement55.Duality56.DesignFeatures57.Competence58Performanc