感染相关英文词汇-571肠杆菌

医学英文词汇小结-INFECTION5.7.11感染相关英文词汇小结G-（7.1肠杆菌）1.EntericBacilli肠杆菌2.diverseanatomicsites不同解剖位置3.compromisedhosts免疫抑制的宿主4.colonicflora肠道菌群5.Escherichiacoli大肠埃希氏菌6.Klebsiella克雷伯杆菌7.Proteus变形杆菌8.Enterobacter肠杆菌属9.Serratia沙雷菌属10.Citrobacter枸橼酸菌属11.Morganella摩根菌属12.Providencia普罗威登菌属13.Edwardsiella爱德华氏菌属14.pathotypes致病类型15.gram-negativebacilli(GNB)革兰阴性菌16.GNB(primarilyE.coli,Klebsiella,andProteus)onlytransientlycolonizetheoropharynxandskinofhealthyindividualsGNB（特别是大肠埃希菌，克雷伯菌，变形杆菌）仅短暂定植于正常人群体的口咽部和皮肤17.long-termcarefacilities(LTCFs)长期照护机构18.GNBemergeasthedominantfloraofbothmucosalandskinsurfaces（在某些环境下），GNB成为粘膜、皮肤表面的主要菌群19.extendedlengthofstay住院时间延长20.severeillness疾病严重21.antimicrobialuse抗菌药物应用22.colonizationmayleadtosubsequentinfection定植可造成感染23.oropharyngealcolonizationmayleadtopneumonia口咽部定植可造成肺炎24.extracytoplasmicoutermembrane胞质外外膜医学英文词汇小结-INFECTION5.7.1225.lipidbilayer磷脂双层26.lipoproteins脂蛋白27.polysaccharides[capsule,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)]多糖（夹膜，脂多糖）28.criticaldeterminantsinpathogenesisandantimicrobialresistance发病过程以及抗菌药物耐药的重要决定因素29.bacterialvirulencefactors细菌致病因子30.infectthehostefficiently快速感染宿主31.cognatepathogens共生的病原菌32.microbesandhosts微生物群和宿主33.evolutionaryhistory进化历史34.commensal/symbioticinteraction共生关系35.mitochondria—formerlybacteria—withineukaryoticcells线粒体曾经为原核生物的细菌36.dead-endrelationship死亡关系（无前途）37.chessmatch国际象棋对抗赛38.ExtraintestinalpathogenicE.coli(ExPEC)肠外致病大肠埃希菌39.extracellularpathogens细胞外的病原菌40.Innateimmunity固有免疫41.activitiesofcomplement补体活性42.antimicrobialpeptides抗菌多肽43.professionalphagocytes吞噬细胞44.Extraintestinalattachment肠外粘附（能力）45.mucociliaryblanket粘膜纤毛层（毯，啧啧那么形象么）46.Multipleadhesins不同的粘附分子46.typeI,S,andF1Cfimbriae;Ppili（不同的粘附分子）47.Nutrientsequestration攫取营养48.ironviaintracellularstorage细胞内储存的铁49.extracellularscavengingvialactoferrinandtransferrin)细胞外通过乳铁蛋白和转铁蛋白获取铁50.Cellularlysis细胞裂解医学英文词汇小结-INFECTION5.7.1351.hemolysin溶红细胞素52.multiplemechanismsforcompetingforironandothernutrients多种攫取铁和其他营养素的机制53.siderophores嗜铁素54.diarrhealdisease腹泻疾病（E.coli独特之处）55.definingtraits独特特点56.manyimportantvirulencegenesawaitidentification许多重要的毒力基因尚待确认57.understandingofmanyaspectsofthepathogenesisofinfectionsduetoGNBisinitsinfancy对GNB感染过程的理解尚浅58.septicshock感染性休克59.ThelipidAmoietyofLPS(viainteractionwithhostToll-likereceptor4)脂多糖的脂质A部分（通过与宿主Toll样受体4作用）60.overlyexuberant（细菌）生殖旺盛61.antigenicvariants(serotypes)抗原变异（致使不同的血清型）62.150O-specificantigens（inE.coli）超过150种氧特异性抗原63.80capsularantigens（inE.coli）80种夹膜抗原64.immuneevasion免疫逃逸65.recurrentinfection感染复发66.differentstrainsofthesamespecies同一种的不同菌属67.impededvaccinedevelopment加速疫苗的开发68.intrinsicoracquiredantimicrobialresistance天然或后天获得性耐药69.alterationsordisruptionsofhostdefenses.宿主防御系统改变及损害70.pneumonia肺炎71.bacteremia(arisingfromanysource)菌血症（可能来源于各个部位）72.IsolationofGNBfromordinarilysterileanatomicsites从原本无菌的体内部位分离出G-菌73.nonsterilesites非无菌区74.opensoft-tissuewounds开放的软组织伤口75.respiratorytract呼吸道76.clinicalcorrelation结合临床77.differentiatecolonizationfrominfection医学英文词汇小结-INFECTION5.7.14鉴别定植还是感染78.lactosefermentation乳糖发酵79.indoleproduction产生吲哚80.evolvingpatternsofantimicrobialresistance逐渐变化的耐药特性81.lagbetweenpublishedandreal-timeresistancerates已公布的和真实世界耐药率间的时间差82.ever-increasingprevalenceofmultidrug-resistant(MDR)GNB多药耐药的G-菌的流行83.broad-spectrumtreatment广谱的药物治疗84.appropriatenarrowerspectrumagent适合的窄谱抗菌药物85.antimicrobialstewardship抗菌药物合理应用86.superinfectionwithresistantbacteria耐药的超级细菌87.maximizetheusefullongevityofavailableantimicrobialagents延长现有抗菌药物的使用寿命88.nottotreatpatientswhoarecolonizedbutnotinfected如为定植，无需治疗89.antimicrobialresistanceprofilesofGNBG-菌的耐药谱90.species细菌的种属91.geographiclocation地理位置92.regionalantimicrobialuse当地抗菌药物的应用情况93.hospitalsite[intensivecareunits(ICUs)versuswards]医院的位置（ICU或普通病房）94.carbapenems碳青霉烯类95.imipenem美罗培南96.aminoglycoside氨基糖苷类97.amikacin阿米卡星98.cephalosporinIVIV代头孢菌素99.cefepime头孢吡肟100.piperacillin-tazobactam哌拉西林-他唑巴坦101.β-Lactamasesβ内酰胺酶102.mostimportantmediatorsofresistancetothesedrugsinGNB（β内酰胺酶）是GNB耐药的主要机制103.Decreasedpermeability渗透性下降104.activeeffluxofβ-lactamagentsβ内酰胺类药物主动泵出医学英文词汇小结-INFECTION5.7.15105.incombinationwithβ-lactamase-mediatedresistance与β内酰胺酶介导的耐药同时存在106.Broadspectrumβ-lactamases广谱β内酰胺酶107.penicillinsandcephalosporinsI青霉素及头孢I代108.entericGNB肠道G-菌109.clavulanate克拉维酸盐（棒酸盐）110.Extended-spectrumβ-lactamases(ESBLs)超广谱β内酰胺酶111.cephalosporinsIIIandIV头孢III代及IV代112.aztreonam氨曲南113.acquiredESBL-encodinggenesviatransferableplasmids通过质粒传播的获得性ESBL基因114.mostprevalent最普遍115.Klebsiellapneumoniae肺炎克雷伯菌116.K.oxytoca产酸克雷伯菌117.underrecognized被低估118.Enterobacter肠杆菌119.Citrobacter柠檬酸细菌属120.Proteus变形杆菌属121.Serratia沙雷氏菌属122.theregionalprevalenceofESBL-producingGNBdeclinesinrankorderasfollows:LatinAmericaWesternPacificEuropeUnitedStatesandCanada产ESBLG-菌的发生率降序排列为：拉丁美洲西太平洋欧洲美国和加拿大123.HospitaloutbreaksduetoESBL-producingstrains医院产ESBL菌株感染爆发124.extensiveuseofcephalosporinsIII头孢III代广泛运用125.ceftazidime头孢他定126.mostreliablyactiveβ-lactamagentsagainstESBL-expressingstrains（carbapenems）对产ESBL表达菌株最有效的β内酰胺酶制剂是（碳青霉烯）127.porinmutations外膜蛋白基因突变128.decreaseduptakeofcephalosporinsa