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一、英语中的句子成分分析ImetmybestfriendTomattheststionyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语1、主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,常用名词、数词或代词担任(是全句谈论的中心话题)。例:(1)Studentssyudy.(名词)(2)Wearefridends.(代词)(3)Togotogooduniversityishisfirstgoal.(不定式)(4)Doingmorningexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.(动名词)(5)Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.(6)Shewentoutinahurry.(7)Fourplusfouriseight.(8)Toseeistobelieve.(9)Smokingisbadforhealth.(10)Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.(11)Whathehassaidistrue.2、谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面(主语做什么了、怎么了)。例:(1)Studentsstudy.(实意动词)(2)Wearefriends.(be动词)(3)WeloveChina.(4)Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.(5)HecanspeakEnglish.(复合谓语)(6)Sheseemstired.(7)Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.(8)Helookedaftertwoorphans.3、宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或代词担任,放在及物动词或代词之后(动作的对象,目标;位于及物动词之后)。宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。例:(a)Hegavemesomebooks.间接宾语直接宾语(b)Pleasepassmethebook.(c)Heboughtmesomeflowers.(1)Theyareteachers.(2)Iplaywithhim.(3)Welovewatchingfootballgames.(4)Heisdongherhomeworknow.(5)Ilikemyjob.(6)Iloveyou.(7)Hewantedtoleavehere.(8)Theyenjoyedplayingfootballgames.注:位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾语。4、宾语补足语:是对宾语进行补充说明,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。例:(1)Ifoundthebookinteresting.(2)Doyousmellsomethingburning?(3)Hemadehimselfknowntothem.(4)Sheaskedmetolendherahand.(5)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(6)Pleasekeepthedogout.(7)Wemustkeepitasecret.主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补。例:(1)Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.(2)Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam.→Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam.(3)Wemadehimmonitor.→Hewasmademonitor.(4)Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.5、定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任(是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词)。形容词放在名词前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词之后。例:(1)Thisisaredsun.(2)Theblackbikeismine.(3)Heisatallboy.(4)Sheisachemistryteacher.(5)Themaninbllueismybrother.(6)Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersister.(7)Theladywhoiswearingreddressisournewteacher.6、状语:是用来说明动词,形容词,副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分,常由副词担任。修饰动词的可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词的放在它们之前。例:(1)Thestudentsstudyhard.(2)Ioftenwritetohim.(3)Thebagistooheavy.(4)Iwillbebackinawhile.(5)Theyareplayingontheplayground.(6)Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.(7)Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.(8)Iwaitedtoseeyou.(9)Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.(10)Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.(11)Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.(12)Thisbookisveryinteresting.(13)Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.(14)Healwayscomeslatetoschool.7、表语:系动词后的部分就是表语,表语是用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),aapear,look,seemfeel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,goetc.系动词不用于被动语态。例:(1)Thistableislong.(2)Theappletastessweet.(3)Thewarwasover.(4)Theyseemtoknowthetruth.(5)Timeisprecious.(6)I’mnotquitemyselftoday.(7)Whowasthefirst?(8)Heisoutofcondition.(9)ThebookiswhatIneed.通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间作状语放在句子的后面。(定语)主语(状语)谓语(定语)宾语(状语)。(1)(Thetall)boy(often)go(tothebig)zoo.(2)(Thehappy)child-went(his)homeyesterday.英语句子成分歌:英语句子八呀八大块,主谓宾表真呀真实在;补语跟着宾语标语跑,定语同位(语)专把名词踹。状语的位置它自由自在,忽右忽左随心所欲摆。浑身的毛病真呀真不少,前后乱窜它还会加塞。英语五种基本句型:基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表)基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)基本句型四:S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五:S+V+O+P(主+谓+宾+宾补)SVPoOC句型一ShecooksHeisworkingWhathesaiddoesnotmatterThepenwritesmoothly句型二HeishappyEverythinglooksniceHisfaceturnedred句型三WestudyEnglisheverdayTheyareplayingfootballHeenjoysreadingShesaid“Goodmorning”.句型四IgivehimabookMymotherbroughtmeapenyesterdayIshowedhimmypictureWemustkeepthedooropenThenewsmakesmehappyWecallhimJimHetoldmetowashtheplatesIsawathieftgoingintoyourroom英语五大基本句型及练习基本概念:与汉语相似,英语句子是由主语(subject),谓语动词(verb),宾语(object),表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(objectcomplement)等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。句型一:主语+不及物动词(主+谓语)不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念,不需要宾语及补语,但有时可有副词,介词短语等状语修饰语。e.g.Therainstopped.Theoldmanwalksinthepark.句型一的扩展:1.主语+不及物动词+状语e.g.Themachineworkssmoothly.(机器运转正常。)句型二(主+系+表):主语+系动词+表语系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没,需要形容词,名词,介词短语等来补充说明主语,也叫主语补语。e.g.Mysisterisanurse.Ifeelquitehungry.Theballisunderthedesk.句型三:主语+及物动词+宾语(主+谓+宾)及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者(宾语),才可以表达一个完整的意念。e.g.WearelearningEnglish.Doyouknowhim?Yourradioneedsrepairing.Shehopestoseeheruncle.句型四:(主+谓+间宾+直宾)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。e.g.Hermotherboughtheraskirt.Givemethebook,please.特别提醒A.在此句型中,通常是间接宾语(人)在前,直接宾语(物)在后,有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。e.g.Hermotherboughtaskirtforher.Givethebooktome,please.B.如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前,且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。e.g.Ihandedittoourteacher.不能说:Ihandedourteacherit.句型五:(主+谓+宾+宾补)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语及物动词本身需要一个宾语外,还需要一个名词,形容词,副词,动词不定式,分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意念。e.g.WeelectedLiYangourmonitor.Thenewsmadeussad.Shesawthethiefstealintotheshop.Theteacheraskedmetoanswerthequestion.Ifoundthemanstealingthemoney.特别提醒:在let(让),make(使得),have(请,让,使得),see(看),hear(听到),watch(观看),feel(感觉到),listento(倾听),lookat(看到),notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式,则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时,则要带”to”.e.g.Wehearhersingnextdoor.Sheisheardtosingnextdoor.C.此句型变为被动语态时,只有一种情况。e.g.Theysawhimstealtheoldman’smoney.Hewasseentostealtheoldman’smoney.强调句和倒装句倒装是一种语法手段。在英语中,主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前,谓语在后。但有时谓语的全部或一部分却提到主语的前面,这种语序叫做倒装。倒装的原因,一是语法结构的需要,一是为了强调。强调句为了使句子的某一个成分受到强调,改变句子结构。第一节知识点概述一、强调句为了突出某一部分重要信息,常常借用语法中的变换句子的正常语序,将某个成分置于句首或句末,或者通过词汇手段突出句子的某个成分。1.it为先行词的强调结构ItwasLiPingwhot
本文标题:无敌英语语法(高中)-句子成分分析
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