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成型技术基础第二部分:Metal-CastingProcessesandEquipmentIntroductions:Grille:格子(窗)Alternatorhousing:交流发电机壳Engineblock:发动机本体Carburetor:汽化器Piston:活塞Trasmissionhousing:变速箱壳Differentialhousing:差速箱壳Intakeandexhaustmanifolds:进,排气歧管Wheel:车轮Diskbrakes:盘式制动器;圆盘闸Brakedrums:制动鼓Brakecylinder:制动圆筒Lettering:刻字处第十章:FundamentalsofMetal-Casting10.1Casting:铸造10.2Mold:铸型Ambient:周围的Latentheatoffusion:熔化潜热Square:方形Solidifiedskin:凝壳Equiaxedgrain:等轴晶粒Texture:结构Preferentially:优先地Columnargrains:柱状晶Substantially:充分地Orientation:取向Block:阻碍Homogenousnucleation:均匀形核Crystal:晶体Mushy:糊状的Pasty:浆状的Columnardendrites:柱状枝晶Akinto:类似Detrimental:有害的Interlock:紧密连接Compositionalvariations:成分偏差10.3Pouringbasin(cup):浇口盆(杯)Gatingsystem:浇注系统Spruce:直浇道Runner:横浇道Gate:内浇口Riser:冒口Mushyzone:糊状区Freezingrange:冷凝区间Lamellar:片状的;层状的Fibrous:纤维状的Eutectic:共晶Symmetrical:对称的Ferrous:铁的;含铁的Magnesium:镁Effectsofcoolingrates:冷却速度的影响Amorphous:非晶态Ductility:韧性;塑性Microporosity:微观孔洞Hottearing:热裂Uniformity:均匀性Anisotropic:各向异性的Criterion:判据Atomization:雾化Morphology:形态学Encounter:遇到Coreddendrites:芯部枝晶Concentrationgradient:浓度梯度Microsegregation:微观(显微)偏析Segregation:偏析Macrosegregation:宏观偏析Normalsegregation:正偏析Inversesegregation:反偏析Gravitysegregation:比重偏析;重力偏析Inocular:形核剂Heterogeneousnucleation:非均匀形核Convection:对流Dendritesmultiplication:增殖Semisolidmetalforming:半固态金属成型Rheocasting:流变铸造Microgravity:微重力Cadmium:镉Telluride:碲化物Selenium:硒Doped:掺杂的Galliumarsenide:砷化镓Nomenclature:术语,命名法Metallicprojection:多肉类缺陷Fins:飞翅Flash:飞边Shrinkagecavities:缩孔Exothermicpadding:发热填料Blow:吹气Bernoulli’sTheorem:伯努利定理Continuity:连续性Impermeable:不能渗透的Permeability:透气性Taperd:锥形的,渐小的Parabolic:抛物线Faucet:龙头,旋塞Aspiration:吸动Choke:阻流内浇口Turbulence:紊流Reynoldsnumber:雷诺数Entrainment:夹入Dross:浮渣Scum:浮渣Mitigate:减轻Skimming:撇渣Filter:过滤器Mica:云母10.4Viscosity:粘度Suifacetension:表面张力Inclusions:夹杂物Solidificationpatternofthealloy:合金的凝固模式Molddesign:铸型设计Degreeofsuperheat:过热度Rateofpouring:浇注速度Heattransfer:传热Castability:可铸造性10.5Excessive:过多的,过分的Solidificationtime:凝固时间Elapsed:流逝的10.6Integrity:完整的Massiveprojection:块状凸起的Swells:胀沙Roughsurface:毛刺Cavities:孔洞类缺陷Blow-holes:表面气孔Pinholes:针孔Scar:结疤Blister:沙泡,砂眼Scab:粘沙Wash:冲蚀Misrun:浇不到Coldshut:冷隔Discontinuities:不连续缺陷Crack:裂纹Coldorhottearing:冷裂或热裂Defectivesurface:表面缺陷Surfacefolds:皱皮Laps:重叠Adheringandlayers:粘沙Oxidescale:氧化皮脱落Incompletecasting:残缺类缺陷Insufficientvolume:未浇满Runout:型漏Incorrectdimensionsorshape:尺寸或形状差错类缺陷Warped:翘曲,歪曲Inclusions:夹杂类缺陷Spalling:剥落,散列Pressuretightness:气密性Shrinkage:收缩Chills:冷铁Hotisostaticpressing:热等静压Flushing:冲洗Purging:吹洗Deoxidized:脱氧Phosphoruscopper:磷铜Shiny:闪烁Angular:多角的Shrinkagecavity:缩孔Arsenal:兵工厂部分课后习题解答10.11.因为其显著影响金属液的充型,凝固和铸造缺陷的产生,铸件的组织和性能等。10.15.伯努利定理方程可以反映液体金属在浇注系统中的流动规律,从而指导铸造工艺设计,完美铸造工艺,防止产生铸造缺陷,提高铸件质量的重要理论基础。10.14.答案(一次型)砂型(永久型)金属型传热慢冷速低传热快冷速高流动好充型能力强流动较差充型能力弱,通常需预热铸型等改善流动充型能力10.16.冒口用来补缩。10.17.用来促进形核,细化晶粒,改善铸件显微组织。10.34.有区别。窄冷凝区间的金属或合金倾向于形成集中缩孔。宽冷凝区就的合金倾向于形成分散缩孔或缩松。10.49.(a)fracture(损伤)改进铸件结构,尽量避免细长凸台等薄的环节,避免壁厚差过于悬殊和夹角过度。(b)根据铸件壁厚,正确设计浇道,冒口,出气口与铸件连接部位的截面尺寸与缩颈尺寸;对铸件等脆性材料铸件可采用易割冒口,敲除浅冒口时,方向和方法要正确。敲除前应先用砂轮割出一道缺口。(c)sinkmark(掉砂)分型面(和芯头)要修平整并清理干净残留在分型面上的涂料瘤子;造型制芯时要均匀紧实,紧实度要适当;起模,下芯,合型时要避免振动,冲击和碰撞;减少型,芯砂水分,提高型芯强度和透气性;干型应防止烘干过度。(d)改进铸件结构设计,壁厚力求均匀,平滑过渡,工艺肋设置要合理,尽量减少铸件收缩阻力。Chapter11Metal-CastingProcesses11.1Expendablemolds一次型Permanentmolds永久型Compositemolds复合型11.2Millennia几千年Prevalent主要的,流行的11.2.1Silicasand硅砂Disintegration分裂Naturallybonded天然砂Banksand岸沙(粘土少于5%的天然砂)Synthetic合成砂Lakesand河沙Choke阻流内浇口Finishing修整Pressuretightness气密性Collapsibility退让性Tradeoff权衡,折衷Conditioned达到要求Mulling研磨Additive添加剂Bentonite斑脱土(火山灰分解成的粘土)Cohesive粘合的Olivine橄榄石Ironsilicate铁硅酸盐Chromite铬铁矿11.2.2Green-sand湿砂型Cold-box冷芯盒型No-bakemolds自硬型Greenmoldingsand湿型砂Damp潮湿的Skin-dried表面干燥型Torch火炬Oven火炉Bake烘干Impart给予Distortion变形Susceptible易于。。。的Bond粘结Binder粘结剂Blend混合yntheticliquidresin液态合成树脂Coldsetting冷定型arduous辛苦的Flask砂箱Cope上型箱Drag下型箱Seam缝Partingline分形线Cheek颊Blindriser暗冒口Openriser明冒口Insert插入物,嵌入物Letter刻字Pocket口袋Exhaust排气Vent出气孔11.2.3Pattern模样Dimensionalaccuracy尺寸精度Durability耐用性Partingagent脱模剂One-piecepattern整体模Splitpattern分离模Swelling泡胀性Match-platepattern双面模板Mount安装,设置Secure定位Moldingmachine造型机Inconjunctionwith连同,结合Rapidprototyping快速原型Fasten拴紧,固定Backingplate载模板Afractionof一小部分Metalshrinkage金属收缩Taper锥度,拔模斜度11.2.4Valvebody阀体Shakeout震动Withstand承受Aggreate集合体coreprint芯座recess凹进处chaplet芯撑sweep扫帚coreblower芯型吹风机11.2.5sand-moldingmachine砂型造型机mold造型handhammer(tamp)手工捶打ramming捣紧manipulate熟练操作,巧妙处理mechanization机械化jolt振动assembly装配体,集合体anvil砧座interval间隙squeeze挤压horizontalpartingline水平分形面squeezinghead挤压头diaphragm振动膜equalizing平衡,补偿piston活塞verticalflasklessmolding垂直无箱造型hydrauliccylinder液压缸pouringconveyor浇注传输机sandslinger抛砂器,投砂器impeller叶轮推进机blade刀片impactmolding冲压成型explosion爆炸instantaneous瞬时的release释放vacuummolding真空造型tightly紧紧的thinsheet薄片binderless无粘结性harden硬化withdrawn退出,撤回assemble装配11.2.6Shaker振动器Shotblasting喷丸Oxyfuel-gascutting氧燃气切割Saw锯Shear切Grit粗砂Aircarbon-arc吹气碳电弧Pickling酸洗Oceanliner远洋客轮Subsequent后续的Machinability可加工性Adversely相反地Grainy粒状的,多粒的Finishing最后的Straighten矫直Imperfection不理想性11.4epoxy环氧树脂weld焊接intricate复杂的propeller推进器sequence顺序mechanicaldrawing机械制图pin销,钉alignment对
本文标题:成型技术基础第10至12章的单词
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